Substituted benzofused derivatives and their use as vanilloid receptor ligands

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to substituted benzofused derivatives, which can be used as vanilloid receptor ligands, method of treating diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by vanilloid receptors with them, and processes for preparing them.

This application claims the benefit of Indian Provisional PatentApplication Nos. 1269/MUM/2005, filed Oct. 7, 2005, and 996/MUM/2006,filed Jun. 26, 2006, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.60/730,660, filed Oct. 26, 2005, and 60/807,205, filed Jul. 13, 2006,all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to substituted benzofused derivatives,which can be used as vanilloid receptor ligands, methods of treatingdiseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by vanilloid receptorswith them, and processes for preparing them.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pain is the most common symptom for which patients seek medical adviceand treatment. Pain can be acute or chronic. While acute pain is usuallyself-limiting, chronic pain persists for 3 months or longer and can leadto significant changes in a patient's personality, lifestyle, functionalability and overall quality of life (K. M. Foley, Pain, in CecilTextbook of Medicine 100-107, J. C. Bennett and F. Plum eds., 20th ed.,1996). The sensation of pain can be triggered by any number of physicalor chemical stimuli and the sensory neurons which mediate the responseto these harmful stimuli are known as “nociceptors”. Nociceptors areprimary sensory afferent (C and Aδ fibers) neurons that are activated bya wide variety of noxious stimuli including chemical, mechanical,thermal, and proton (pH<6) modalities.

Moreover, chronic pain can be classified as either nociceptive orneuropathic. Nociceptive pain includes tissue injury-induced pain andinflammatory pain such as that associated with arthritis. Neuropathicpain is caused by damage to the sensory nerves of the peripheral orcentral nervous system and is maintained by aberrant somatosensoryprocessing. There is a large body of evidence relating activity atvanilloid receptors (VR1) (V. Di Marzo et al., Current Opinion inNeurobiology 12: 372-379, 2002) to pain processing.

The lipophilic vanilloid, Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamides;CAP) is known to stimulate pain pathways through the release of avariety of sensory afferent neurotransmitters via a specific cellsurface capsaicin receptor, cloned as the first vanilloid receptor (VR1now known as TRPV1) (Caterina M J, et. al., Science, April 14; 288(5464): 306-13, 2000). Capsaicin is the main pungent component in hotpepper. Hot pepper has been used historically not only as a spice, butalso as a traditional medicine in the treatment of gastric disordersorally, and applied locally for the relief of pain and inflammation. CAPhas a wide spectrum of biological actions and not only exhibits effectson the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, but also induces pain andirritancy on local application. CAP, however, after such induction ofpain induces desensitization, both to CAP itself and also to othernoxious stimuli, thereby stopping the pain. The intradermaladministration of capsaicin is characterized by an initial burning orhot sensation followed by a prolonged period of analgesia. The analgesiccomponent of VR1 receptor activation is thought to be mediated by acapsaicin-induced desensitization of the primary sensory afferentterminal. Based on this property, CAP and its analogues such as olvanil,nuvanil, DA-5018, SDZ-249482, and resiniferatoxin are either used or areunder development as analgesic agents or therapeutic agents for urinaryincontinence or skin disorders (Wriggleworth and Walpore, Drugs of theFuture, 23: pp 531-538, 1998).

VR1 is widely expressed in non-neuronal tissues in various organsystems, and the functional roles of VR1 in various systems are notproperly understood at this time. An increasing number of animal studieshave revealed the possible involvement of VR1 receptors in a number ofpathologies. Based on this information VR1 is now being considered as amolecular target for various indications such as migraine, arthralgia,diabetic neuropathy, neurodegeneration, neurotic skin disorder, stroke,cardiac pain arising from an ischemic myocardium, Huntington's disease,memory deficits, restricted brain function, amyotrophic lateralsclerosis (ALS), dementia, urinary bladder hypersensitiveness, urinaryincontinence, vulvodynia, pruritic conditions such as uremic pruritus,irritable bowel syndrome including gastro-esophageal reflux disease,enteritis, ileitis, stomach-duodenal ulcer, inflammatory bowel diseaseincluding Crohn's disease, celiac disease and inflammatory diseases suchas pancreatitis, and in respiratory disorders such as allergic andnon-allergic rhinitis, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,irritation of skin, eye or mucous membrane, dermatitis, and in nonspecific disorders such as fervescence, retinopathy, muscle spasms,emesis, dyskinesias and depression. Specifically VR1 antagonists arelikely to be useful in multiple sub-types of pain such as acute,chronic, neuropathic pain or post-operative pain, as well as in pain dueto neuralgia (e.g., post herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, andin pain due to diabetic neuropathy, dental pain as well as cancer pain.Additionally, VR1 antagonists will also prove useful in the treatment ofinflammatory pain conditions such as arthritisor osteoarthritis. VR1antagonists hold potential benefit in diabetes, obesity, urticaria,actinic keratosis, keratocanthoma, alopecia, Meniere's disease,tinnitus, hyperacusis and anxiety disorders.

One class of natural and synthetic compounds that modulate the functionof vanilloid Receptor (VR1) have been characterized by the presence of avanillyl (4-hydroxy 3-methoxybenzyl) group or a functionally equivalentgroup and the same have been widely studied and is extensively reviewedby Szallasi and Blumberg (The Am. Soc. for Pharmacology and ExperimentalTherapeutics, Vol. 51, No. 2, 1999).

Various vanilloid agonists and antagonists have been developed for thetreatment of pain; the agonists work through desensitizing the receptorwhile antagonists block its stimulation by (patho) physiologicalligands. The first antagonist Capsazepine was developed by Novartis.There are other VR1 antagonists, which are at the preclinical stage, forexample, Amore Pacific's PAC-20030, Neurogen's BCTC, Abbott's A-425619and Amgen's AMG-9810.

European Publication No. 0 462 761 discloses certain fused compoundshaving the formula:

which are potassium channel activators and a method of using them asantiischemic and/or anti-arrhythmic agents. PCT Publication No. WO2005/075463 describes certain benzopyran derivatives as potassiumchannel activators. European Patent Publication No. 0 587 180 disclosescertain benzofused derivatives for use in the treatment of ischemicconditions and arrythmia. European Patent Publication No. 0 747 374discloses compounds having the formula:

as potassium channel activators. PCT Publication No. WO 98/045542discloses chroman derivatives for the treatment of cardiacinsufficiency.

PCT Publication No. WO 2003/080578 discloses heteroaromatic ureas asvanilloid receptor (VR1) modulators, in particular antagonists, fortreating pain and/or inflammation. PCT Publication No. WO 2005/007652describes substituted quinolin-4-yl-amine analogues useful in thetreatment of conditions related to capsaicin receptor activation. PCTPublication No. WO 05/009977 discloses substituted pyrmidinyl-4-yl-amineanalogues used to modulate vanilloid receptor activity. Other vanilloidreceptor modulating compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,933,311and 6,939,891; and PCT Publication Nos. WO 02/08221, 02/16317, 02/16318,02/16319, 04/035533, 04/103281, 04/108133 and 04/111009.

In efforts to discover better analgesics for the treatment of both acuteand chronic pain, and to develop treatments for various neuropathic painstates, there still exists a need for a more effective and safetherapeutic treatment of diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulatedby vanilloid receptors.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides vanilloid receptor ligands of theformula:

analogs thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof, pharmaceuticallyacceptable hydrates thereof, N-oxides thereof, tautomers thereof,regioisomers thereof, stereoisomers thereof, prodrugs thereof andpolymorphs thereof, wherein:

X and Y are independently O, S(O)_(m), or NR^(e);

R¹ and R² are joined together to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionallyinclude one or more heteroatoms selected from O, NR⁹ or S(O)_(m);

R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, cyano, halogen, —OR⁹, substitutedor unsubstituted alkyl or —NR⁹R¹⁰, or R³ and R⁴ together form an oxogroup;

(a) R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen,—OR⁹, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰; and

-   -   R⁸ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted        or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl,        substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or        unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted        cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl,        substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted        arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted        or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted        heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted        heterocyclylalkyl, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,        —S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰; or

(b) R⁵ and R⁶ are as defined above; and

-   -   R⁷ and R⁸ are joined together to form an optionally substituted        3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may        optionally include up to two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e)        or S;

each occurrence of R⁹ and R¹⁰ may be the same or different and isindependently hydrogen, —OR^(a), —SR^(a), substituted or unsubstitutedalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), —C(=L)-R^(a), —C(O)O—R^(a),—C(O)NR^(a)R^(b), —S(O)_(m)—R^(a) or —S(O)_(m)—NR^(a)R^(b), or R⁹ andR¹⁰ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached arejoined together to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7 memberedsaturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionally include atleast two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S;

each occurrence of R^(a) and R^(b) independently is hydrogen, —OR^(c),—SR^(c), substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —C(=L)-R^(c), —C(O)O—R^(c), —C(O)NR^(c)R^(d),—S(O)_(m)—R^(c), —S(O)_(m)—NR^(c)R^(d), —NR^(c)R^(d), or a protectinggroup, or R^(a) and R^(b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are attached are joined to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionallyinclude at least two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S;

each occurrence of R^(c) and R^(d) is independently hydrogen,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstitutedheteroarylalkyl or a protecting group, or R^(c) and R^(d) taken togetherwith the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be joined to forman optionally substituted 3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturatedcyclic ring, which may optionally include at least two heteroatomsselected from O, NR^(c) or S;

each occurrence of R^(e) is independently hydrogen or substituted orunsubstituted alkyl;

each occurrence of L is independently O, S, or NR^(e);

each occurrence of m is independently 0, 1, or 2; and

n is an integer from 0 to 4.

According to one embodiment, the compound meets one or more of criteria(1)-(4) below.

(1) when one of R⁷ and R⁸ is hydrogen, the other is not substituted orunsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl orsubstituted or unsubstituted 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl;

(2) (a) the bicyclic ring in formula I is not substituted at the6-position with —S(O)₂NR^(a)R^(b) or —S(O)₂NR⁹R¹⁰, or

-   -   (b) when the bicyclic ring in formula I is substituted at the        6-position with —S(O)₂NR^(a)R^(b) or —S(O)₂NR⁹R¹⁰, then R^(a) is        hydrogen and R^(b) is methyl, and R⁹ is hydrogen and R¹⁰ is        methyl;

(3) (a) R³ and R⁴ are not —OR⁹, when R⁹ is hydrogen, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, or acyl,

-   -   (b) R³ and R⁴ are not —OR⁹, or    -   (c) when R⁵ is —NR⁹R¹⁰ and R⁹ is C(=L)-R^(a), then R^(a) is not        substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, napthyl, pyridyl,        pyrimidyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, indolyl, pyrrolidinolinyl,        piperidonlyl, azepeneonlyl, or pyridazinone; and

(4) R¹ and R² together form an optionally substituted 3 to 7 memberedsaturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionally include oneor more heteroatoms selected from O, NR⁹ or S(O)_(m).

According to one preferred embodiment, the compound meets all ofcriteria (1)-(4) above. According to another preferred embodiment, thecompound meets criteria (4).

According to another embodiment, none of the R⁵ groups are—S(O)₂NR^(a)R^(b) or —S(O)₂NR⁹R¹⁰.

These compounds may include one or more of the following embodiments.For example, X can be O or S(O)_(m), [wherein m can be 0 or 2]; R¹ andR² together may form an optionally substituted 3 to 7 membered saturatedor unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionally include one or moreheteroatom(s) selected from O, NR⁹ or S(O)_(m); R³, R⁴, R⁶ and R⁷ can behydrogen; in each occurrence R⁵ can be independently hydrogen, halogen,nitro, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, OR⁹, NR⁹R¹⁰ orS(O)_(m)R⁹; R⁸ can be heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl orarylalkyl; further, R⁷ and R⁸, together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are attached, may form a saturated or unsaturated C₃-C₇ cyclic ringwhich may optionally contain one or more heteroatom(s); and Y can be Oor S.

A preferred compound of formula (I) is where X is O.

Another preferred compound of formula (I) is where X is S.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where Y is O.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R¹ and R² arejoined together with the carbon atom to which they are bound to form anoptionally substituted 3 to 7 member saturated cyclic ring, which mayoptionally include a heteroatom selected from O and NR⁹.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R¹ and R² arejoined together with the carbon atom to which they are bound to form acyclobutane ring.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R³ and R⁴ areindependently hydrogen, cyano, halogen, —OR⁹, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl or —NR⁹R¹⁰.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R³ and R⁴ arehydrogen.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where each occurrence ofR⁵ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl (e.g.,methyl) and —OR⁹ (where R⁹ is unsubstituted alkyl or alkyl substitutedwith halogen) (e.g., —OCH₃ or —OCHF₂).

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁵ is hydrogen.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁶ is hydrogen.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁷ is hydrogen.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ andR⁷ are hydrogen.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R¹ and R² arejoined together to form a cyclobutyl ring, and R³-R⁷ are hydrogen.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁸ is substitutedor unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, or substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclyl.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁸ ispyrrolidinyl-3-yl.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁸ isquinolin-5-yl.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁸ isisoquinolin-8-yl.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁸ is(pyridin-4-yl)methyl.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁸ is4-trifluoromethylbenzyl.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁸ is substitutedwith a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, such as4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl.

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁷ and R⁸ arejoined together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound to forman optionally substituted 3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturatedcyclic ring, which may optionally include one or more heteroatomsselected from O, NR^(e) or S;

Further preferred is a compound of formula (I) where R⁷ and R⁸ arecombined to form piperidine.

According to one embodiment, R¹ and R² together with the carbon atom towhich they are bound do not form a cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring.

According to one preferred embodiment, the vanilloid receptor ligandshave the formula:

wherein:

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and n are as defined above;

R′ and R″ are independently hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen, substitutedor unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —OR⁹, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰;

p and q are independently 0, 1, 2, or 3,

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceuticallyacceptable solvates thereof, hydrates thereof, N-oxides thereof,tautomers thereof, stereoisomers thereof, prodrugs thereof andpolymorphs thereof. X is preferably O or S. According to one embodiment,X is O.

According to another embodiment, the compound of formula IIb meets thecriteria (3) mentioned above.

According to another preferred embodiment, the VR1 receptor ligands ofthe invention have the formula:

wherein X, Y, R³-R⁸, and n are as defined above, and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates thereof,hydrates thereof, N-oxides thereof, tautomers thereof, stereoisomersthereof, prodrugs thereof and polymorphs thereof. X and Y are preferablyO. R⁸ is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl orisoquinolinyl. More preferably, the quinolinyl or isoquinolinyl group isattached to the main structure of the compound at a position on thecarbon-only cyclic ring. X is preferably O or S. According to oneembodiment, X is O. Y is preferably O.

According to one embodiment, the compound of formula III meets thecriteria (1), (2) or (3) mentioned above, or any combination thereof.

According to a more preferred embodiment, the VR1 receptor ligands ofthe invention have the formula:

wherein:

X, Y, R³, R⁴, R⁶, R⁹, R¹⁰, n, p, and q are as defined above;

one of R¹¹-R¹⁴ is N and the remaining R¹¹-R¹⁴ groups are CH or CR_(a);

each occurrence of R⁵ is independently hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —OR⁹, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, or —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰;and

each occurrence of R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently hydrogen, nitro, cyano,halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —OR⁹, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰;

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; pharmaceuticallyacceptable solvates thereof, hydrates thereof, N-oxides thereof,tautomers thereof; stereoisomers thereof, prodrugs thereof andpolymorphs thereof. X is preferably O or S. According to one embodiment,X is O. Y is preferably O.

According to one embodiment, the compound of formula IV meets thecriteria (3) mentioned above.

Representative compounds of the present invention include thosespecified below and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceuticallyacceptable solvates, N-oxides, stereoisomers, tautomers, prodrugs orpolymorphs thereof. The present invention should not be construed to belimited to them.

-   (±)1-{3,4-Dihydro-1′-(methyl)spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine]-4-yl}-3-(isoquinoline-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 1),-   (±)1-(2′,3,3′,4,5′,6′-Hexahydrospiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-pyran]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinoline-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 2),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 3),-   (+)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 4),-   (−)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 5),-   (±)    1-(3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(8-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 6),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 7),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 8),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-oxoisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 9),-   (+)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-oxoisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 10),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)urea    (Compound No. 11),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)urea    (Compound No. 12),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 13),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 14),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 15),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 16),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 17),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 18),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-y    bromophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea (Compound No. 19),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 20),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-acetyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 21),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-yl)urea    (Compound No. 22),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-([5-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-)urea    (Compound No. 23),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 24),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 25),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea    (Compound No. 26),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-furylmethyl)urea    (Compound No. 27),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(quinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 28),-   (±)1-(3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-8-yl)urea    (Compound No. 29),-   1-((R)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((S)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea    (Compound No. 30),-   1-((R)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((R)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea    (Compound No. 31),-   1-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((R)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea    (Compound No. 32),-   1-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((S)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea    (Compound No. 33),-   1-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)methyl    urea (Compound No. 34),-   1-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)urea    (Compound No. 35),-   N-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylpiperidine-1-carboxamide    (Compound No. 36),-   N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea    (N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea)    (Compound No. 37),-   N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea    (N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea)    (Compound No. 38),-   N′-(1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-5-yl)-N-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea    (N′-(1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-5-yl)-N-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea)    (Compound No. 39),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 40),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 41),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 42),-   (+)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 43),-   (−) 1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro    spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 44),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 45),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 46),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 47),-   1-(6,8-Difluoro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 48),-   (±)    1-(8-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 49),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 50),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 51),-   (±)    1-(6-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 52),-   (±)    1-(7-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 53),-   (±)    1-(7-Difluoromethoxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea.    Hydrochloride salt (Compound No. 54),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methylaminosulfonyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 55),-   (±)    1-(7-Difluoromethoxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 56),-   (±)    1-(7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 57),-   (±)    1-(8-Cyano-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 58),-   (+)    1-(6,8-Difluoro-3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 59),-   (−)    1-(6,8-Difluoro-3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 60),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-8-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 61),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-8-difluoromethoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 62),-   (±)    1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 63),-   (−)    1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 64),-   (±)    1-(6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 65),-   (±)    1-(6,8-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 66),-   (±)    1-(6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-7-methylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 67),-   (±)    1-(6,7-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 68),-   (±)    1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 69),-   (±)    1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(8-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 70),-   (±)    1-(6-Fluoro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(8-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 71),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 72),-   (±)    1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 73),-   (±)    1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 74),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 75),-   (±)1-(6-Acetamido-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 76),-   (±)1-(6-Amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 77),-   (±)    1-(7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 78),-   (±)    1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 79),-   N′-isoquinolin-5-yl-N-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea    (N′-isoquinolin-5-yl-N-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea)    (Compound No. 80),-   (±)    1-(3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 81),-   (±)    1-(1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[-2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea    (Compound No. 82), and-   N′-isoquinolin-8-yl-N-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea    (N′-isoquinolin-8-yl-N-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea)    (Compound No. 83).

Also provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising one ormore of the aforementioned compounds together with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable excipients (such as a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or diluent). Preferably, the pharmaceuticalcomposition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or morecompounds of the present invention. One or more compounds of the presentinvention may be diluted with carriers or enclosed within a carrier,which can be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container.

Also provided herein is a method for preventing, ameliorating ortreating a disease, disorder or syndrome mediated by vanilloid receptors(such as VR1) in a subject in need thereof by administering to thesubject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds ofthe present invention or a pharmaceutical composition of the presentinvention. Non-limiting examples of diseases, disorders and syndromeswhich can be mediated by vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) include (1)migraine, (2) arthralgia, (3) diabetic neuropathy, (4)neurodegeneration, (5) neurotic skin disorder, (6) stroke, (7) cardiacpain arising from an ischemic myocardium, (8) Huntington's disease, (9)memory deficits, (10) restricted brain function, (11) amyotrophiclateral sclerosis (ALS), (12) dementia, (13) urinary bladderhypersensitiveness, (14) urinary incontinence, (15) vulvodynia, (16)pruritic conditions such as uremic pruritus, (17) irritable bowelsyndrome including gastro-esophageal reflux disease, (18) enteritis,(19) ileitis, (20) stomach-duodenal ulcer, (21) inflammatory boweldisease including Crohn's disease, (22) celiac disease, (23)inflammatory diseases (such as pancreatitis), (24) respiratory disorderssuch as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, asthma or chronicobstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (25) irritation of skin, eye ormucous membrane, (26) dermatitis, (27) fervescence, (28) retinopathy,(29) muscle spasms, (30) emesis, (31) dyskinesias, (32) depression, (33)pain such as acute, chronic, neuropathic pain or post-operative pain,(34) pain due to neuralgia or trigeminal neuralgia, (35) pain due todiabetic neuropathy, (36) dental pain, (37) cancer pain, (38) arthritis,(39) osteoarthritis, (40) diabetes, (41) obesity, (42) urticaria, (43)actinic keratosis, (44) keratocanthoma, (45) alopecia, (46) Meniere'sdisease, (47) tinnitus, (48) hyperacusis, (49) anxiety disorders and(50) benign prostate hyperplasia. According to one preferred embodiment,the compounds of the present invention are administered to treat acuteor chronic pain or neuropathic pain.

Also provided herein are processes for preparing compounds describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides substituted benzofused derivatives, whichcan be used as vanilloid receptor ligands, and processes for thesynthesis of these compounds. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts,pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, enantiomers, diastereomers,polymorphs of these compounds having the same type of activity are alsoprovided. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the described compoundstogether with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients ordiluents, which can be used for the treatment of diseases, conditionand/or disorders mediated by vanilloid receptors (such as VR1) arefurther provided.

Definitions

The term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chainradical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing nounsaturation, having from one to eight carbon atoms, and which isattached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., methyl,ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl), n-butyl, n-pentyl, and1,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl). The term “C₁₋₆ alkyl” refers to an alkylchain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

The term “alkenyl” refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing acarbon-carbon double bond and which may be a straight or branched chainhaving 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, e.g., ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl(allyl), iso-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, and 2-butenyl.

The term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbylradical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and having 2 toabout 12 carbon atoms (with radicals having 2 to about 10 carbon atomsbeing preferred), e.g., ethynyl, propynyl, and butynyl.

The term “alkoxy” denotes an alkyl group attached via an oxygen linkageto the rest of the molecule. Representative examples of such groups are—OCH₃ and —OC₂H₅.

The term “cycloalkyl” denotes a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ringsystem of 3 to about 12 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Examples of multicyclic cycloalkyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, perhydronapththyl, adamantyl andnorbornyl groups, bridged cyclic groups or sprirobicyclic groups, e.g.,sprio (4,4) non-2-yl.

The term “cycloalkylalkyl” refers to a cyclic ring-containing radicalhaving 3 to about 8 carbon atoms directly attached to an alkyl group.The cycloalkylalkyl group may be attached to the main structure at anycarbon atom in the alkyl group that results in the creation of a stablestructure. Non-limiting examples of such groups includecyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylethyl, and cyclopentylethyl.

The term “cycloalkenyl” refers to a cyclic ring-containing radicalhaving 3 to about 8 carbon atoms with at least one carbon-carbon doublebond, such as cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, and cyclopentenyl.

The term “aryl” refers to an aromatic radical having 6 to 14 carbonatoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronapthyl, indanyl, andbiphenyl.

The term “arylalkyl” refers to an aryl group as defined above directlybonded to an alkyl group as defined above, e.g., —CH₂C₆H₅ and —C₂H₅C₆H₅.

The term “heterocyclic ring” refers to a stable 3- to 15-membered ringradical which consists of carbon atoms and from one to five heteroatomsselected from nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen and sulfur. For purposes ofthis invention, the heterocyclic ring radical may be a monocyclic,bicyclic or tricyclic ring system, which may include fused, bridged orspiro ring systems, and the nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, oxygen orsulfur atoms in the heterocyclic ring radical may be optionally oxidizedto various oxidation states. In addition, the nitrogen atom may beoptionally quaternized; and the ring radical may be partially or fullysaturated (i.e., heterocyclic or heteroaryl). Examples of suchheterocyclic ring radicals include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl,acridinyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxanyl, benzofurnyl, carbazolyl,cinnolinyl, dioxolanyl, indolizinyl, naphthyridinyl, perhydroazepinyl,phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridyl,pteridinyl, purinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, tetrazoyl, imidazolyl, tetrahydroisouinolyl, piperidinyl,piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl,2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, pyrrolyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl,pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolinyl, oxasolidinyl,triazolyl, indanyl, isoxazolyl, isoxasolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolyl,thiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, quinuclidinyl,isothiazolidinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl,octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl,decahydroisoquinolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyranyl,benzothiazolyl, benzooxazolyl, furyl, tetrahydrofurtyl,tetrahydropyranyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiamorpholinyl,thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiamorpholinyl sulfone, dioxaphospholanyl,oxadiazolyl, chromanyl, and isochromanyl. The heterocyclic ring radicalmay be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atomthat results in the creation of a stable structure.

The term “heterocyclyl” refers to a heterocyclic ring radical as definedabove. The heterocyclyl ring radical may be attached to the mainstructure at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in the creationof a stable structure.

The term “heterocyclylalkyl” refers to a heterocyclic ring radicaldirectly bonded to an alkyl group. The heterocyclylalkyl radical may beattached to the main structure at any carbon atom in the alkyl groupthat results in the creation of a stable structure.

The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic heterocyclic ring radical.The heteroaryl ring radical may be attached to the main structure at anyheteroatom or carbon atom that results in the creation of a stablestructure.

The term “heteroarylalkyl” refers to a heteroaryl ring radical directlybonded to an alkyl group. The heteroarylalkyl radical may be attached tothe main structure at any carbon atom in the alkyl group that results inthe creation of a stable structure.

Unless otherwise specified, the term “substituted” as used herein refersto substitution with any one or any combination of the followingsubstituents: hydroxy, halogen, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, oxo (═O), thio(═S), substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino,substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl ring,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic ring, substituted or unsubstituted guanidine,—COOR^(x), —C(O)R^(x), —C(S)R^(x), —C(O)NR^(x)R^(y), —C(O)ONR^(x)R^(y),—NR^(x)CONR^(y)R^(z), —N(R^(x))SOR^(y), —N(R^(x))SO₂R^(y),—(═N—N(R^(x))R^(y)), —NR^(x)C(O)OR^(y), —NR^(x)C(O)R^(y),—NR^(x)C(S)R^(y), —NR^(x)C(S)NR^(y)R^(z), —SONR^(x)R^(y),—SO₂NR^(x)R^(y), —OR^(x), —OR^(x)C(O)NR^(y)R^(z), —OR^(x)C(O)OR^(y),—OC(O)R^(x), —OC(O)NR^(x)R^(y), —R^(x)NR^(y)C(O)R^(z), —R^(x)OR^(y),—R^(x)C(O)OR^(y), —R^(x)C(O)NR^(y)R^(z), —R^(x)C(O)R^(y),—R^(x)OC(O)R^(y), —SR^(x), —SOR^(x), —SO₂R^(x), and —ONO₂, whereinR^(x), R^(y) and R^(z) are independently selected from hydrogen,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy,substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedalkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstitutedarylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino,substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted heterocyclylalkyl ring, substituted orunsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, or substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclic ring. The substituents in the aforementioned “substituted”groups cannot be further substituted. For example, when the substituenton “substituted alkyl” is “substituted aryl”, the substituent on“substituted aryl” cannot be “substituted alkenyl”.

The term “protecting group” or “PG” refers to a substituent that isemployed to block or protect a particular functionality while otherfunctional groups on the compound may remain reactive. For*example, an“amino-protecting group” is a substituent attached to an amino groupthat blocks or protects the amino functionality in the compound.Suitable amino-protecting groups include, but are not limited to,acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl (BOC), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBz)and 9-fluorenylmethylenoxycarbonyl (Fmoc). Similarly, a“hydroxy-protecting group” refers to a substituent of a hydroxy groupthat blocks or protects the hydroxy functionality. Suitablehydroxy-protecting groups include, but are not limited to, acetyl,benzyl, tetrahydropyranyl and silyl. A “carboxy-protecting group” refersto a substituent of the carboxy group that blocks or protects thecarboxy functionality. Suitable carboxy-protecting groups include, butare not limited to, —CH₂CH₂SO₂Ph, cyanoethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl,2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)ethyl,2-(p-nitrophenylsulfenyl)ethyl, 2-(diphenylphosphino)-ethyl, andnitroethyl. For a general description of protecting groups and theiruse, see, T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, JohnWiley & Sons, New York, 1991.

The term “prodrug” means a compound that is transformed in vivo to yielda compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrateor solvate of the compound. The transformation may occur by variousmechanisms, such as through hydrolysis in blood. A discussion of the useof prodrugs is provided by T. Higuchi and W. Stella, “Pro-drugs as NovelDelivery Systems,” Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and inBioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, AmericanPharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.

The term “treating” or “treatment” of a state, disorder or conditionincludes:

-   -   (1) preventing or delaying the appearance of clinical symptoms        of the state, disorder or condition developing in a subject that        may be afflicted with or predisposed to the state, disorder or        condition but does not yet experience or display clinical or        subclinical symptoms of the state, disorder or condition;    -   (2) inhibiting the state, disorder or condition, i.e., arresting        or reducing the development of the disease or at least one        clinical or subclinical symptom thereof; or    -   (3) relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the        state, disorder or condition or at least one of its clinical or        subclinical symptoms.

The benefit to a subject to be treated is either statisticallysignificant or at least perceptible to the subject or to the physician.

The term “subject” includes mammals (especially humans) and otheranimals, such as domestic animals (e.g., household pets including catsand dogs) and non-domestic animals (such as wildlife).

A “therapeutically effective amount” means the amount of a compoundthat, when administered to a subject for treating a state, disorder orcondition, is sufficient to effect such treatment. The “therapeuticallyeffective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the disease andits severity and the age, weight, physical condition and responsivenessof the subject to be treated.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts forming part of this invention includesalts derived from inorganic bases (such as Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu,Zn, and Mn), salts of organic bases (such asN,N′-diacetylethylenediamine, glucamine, triethylamine, choline,hydroxide, dicyclohexylamine, metformin, benzylamine, trialkylamine, andthiamine), salts of chiral bases (such as alkylphenylamine, glycinol,and phenyl glycinol), salts of natural amino acids (such as glycine,alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, norleucine, tyrosine, cystine,cysteine, methionine, proline, hydroxy proline, histidine, ornithine,lysine, arginine, and serine), salts of non-natural amino acids (such asD-isomers or substituted amino acids), salts of guanidine, salts ofsubstituted guanidine (wherein the substituents are selected from nitro,amino, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl), ammonium salts, substituted ammoniumsalts, and aluminum salts. Other pharmaceutically acceptable saltsinclude acid addition salts (where appropriate) such as sulphates,nitrates, phosphates, perchlorates, borates, hydrohalides, acetates(such as trifluoroacetate), tartrates, maleates, citrates, fumarates,succinates, palmoates, methanesulphonates, benzoates, salicylates,benzenesulfonates, ascorbates, glycerophosphates, and ketoglutarates.Yet other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limitedto, quaternary ammonium salts of the compounds of invention with alkylhalides or alkyl sulphates (such as MeI or (Me)₂SO₄).

Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates includes hydrates and othersolvents of crystallization (such as alcohols). The compounds of thepresent invention may form solvates with low molecular weight solventsby methods known in the art.

Certain compounds of present invention are capable of existing instereoisomeric fat (e.g. diastereomers and enantiomers) and theinvention extends to each of these stereoisomeric forms and to mixturesthereof including racemates. The different stereoisomeric forms may beseparated one from the other by known methods, or any given isomer maybe obtained by stereospecific or asymmetric synthesis. The inventionalso extends to any tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof. For example,both tautomeric forms of the following moiety are contemplated:

Pharmaceutical Compositions

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises atleast one compound of the present invention and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient (such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier ordiluent). Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition comprises atherapeutically effective amount of the compound(s) of the presentinvention. The compound of the present invention may be associated witha pharmaceutically acceptable excipient (such as a carrier or a diluent)or be diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier which can be inthe form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container.

Examples of suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, water,salt solutions, alcohols, polyethylene glycols, polyhydroxyethoxylatedcastor oil, peanut oil, olive oil, gelatin, lactose, terra alba,sucrose, dextrin, magnesium carbonate, sugar, cyclodextrin, amylose,magnesium stearate, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, stearic acid orlower alkyl ethers of cellulose, silicic acid, fatty acids, fatty acidamines, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritolfatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene, hydroxymethylcellulose andpolyvinylpyrrolidone.

The carrier or diluent may include a sustained release material, such asglyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax.

The pharmaceutical composition may also include one or morepharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary agents, wetting agents,emulsifying agents, suspending agents, preserving agents, salts forinfluencing oxmetic pressure, buffers, sweetening agents, flavoringagents, colorants, or any combination of the foregoing. Thepharmaceutical composition of the invention may be formulated so as toprovide quick, sustained, or delayed release of the active ingredientafter administration to the subject by employing procedures known in theart.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be preparedby conventional techniques, e.g., as described in Remington: The Scienceand Practice of Pharmacy, 20^(th) Ed., 2003 (Lippincott Williams &Wilkins). For example, the active compound can be mixed with a carrier,or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier, which may be inthe form of an ampoule, capsule, sachet, paper, or other container. Whenthe carrier serves as a diluent, it may be a solid, semi-solid, orliquid material that acts as a vehicle, excipient, or medium for theactive compound. The active compound can be adsorbed on a granular solidcontainer, for example, in a sachet.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in conventional forms, forexample, capsules, tablets, aerosols, solutions, suspensions or productsfor topical application.

The route of administration may be any route which effectivelytransports the active compound of the invention to the appropriate ordesired site of action. Suitable routes of administration include, butare not limited to, oral, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, subdermal,intradermal, transdermal, parenteral, rectal, depot, subcutaneous,intravenous, intraurethral, intramuscular, intranasal, ophthalmic (suchas with an ophthalmic solution) or topical (such as with a topicalointment). The oral route is preferred.

Solid oral formulations include, but are not limited to, tablets,capsules (soft or hard gelatin), dragees (containing the activeingredient in powder or pellet form), troches and lozenges. Tablets,dragees, or capsules having talc and/or a carbohydrate carrier or binderor the like are particularly suitable for oral application. Preferablecarriers for tablets, dragees, or capsules include lactose, cornstarch,and/or potato starch. A syrup or elixir can be used in cases where asweetened vehicle can be employed.

A typical tablet that may be prepared by conventional tablettingtechniques may contain: (1) Core: Active compound (as free compound orsalt thereof), 250 mg colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil®), 1.5 mgmicrocrystalline cellulose (Avicel®), 70 mg modified cellulose gum(Ac-Di-Sol®), and 7.5 mg magnesium stearate; (2) Coating: HPMC, approx.9 mg Mywacett 9-40 T and approx. 0.9 mg acylated monoglyceride

Liquid formulations include, but are not limited to, syrups, emulsions,soft gelatin and sterile injectable liquids, such as aqueous ornon-aqueous liquid suspensions or solutions.

For parenteral application, particularly suitable are injectablesolutions or suspensions, preferably aqueous solutions with the activecompound dissolved in polyhydroxylated castor oil.

Methods of Treatment

The present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical formulationsthereof that are useful in the treatment of diseases, conditions and/ordisorders modulated by vanilloid VR1 receptor antagonists.

The present invention further provides a method of treating a disease,condition and/or disorder modulated by vanilloid receptor antagonists ina subject in need thereof by administering to the subject atherapeutically effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceuticalcomposition of the present invention. The method is particularly usefulfor treating diseases, conditions and/or disorders modulated by VR1receptor antagonists. Diseases, conditions, and/or disorders that aremodulated by vanilloid receptor antagonists include, but are not limitedto, migraine, arthralgia, diabetic neuropathy, neurodegeneration,neurotic skin disorder, stroke, cardiac pain arising from an ischemicmyocardium, Huntington's disease, memory deficits, restricted brainfunction, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia, urinary bladderhypersensitiveness, urinary incontinence, vulvodynia, pruriticconditions such as uremic pruritus, irritable bowel syndrome includinggastro-esophageal reflux disease, enteritis, ileitis, stomach-duodenalulcer, inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease, celiacdisease and inflammatory diseases such as pancreatitis, and inrespiratory disorders such as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, asthmaor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irritation of skin, eye ormucous membrane, dermatitis, and in non specific disorders such asfervescence, retinopathy, muscle spasms, emesis, dyskinesias ordepression. Specifically in multiple sub-types of pain such as acute,chronic, neuropathic pain or post-operative pain, as well as in pain dueto neuralgia (e.g. post herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia; and inpain due to diabetic neuropathy or dental pain as well as in cancerpain. Additionally, VR1 antagonists hold potential benefit in thetreatment of inflammatory pain conditions e.g. arthritis, andosteoarthritis, diabetes, obesity, urticaria, actinic keratosis,keratocanthoma, alopecia, Meniere's disease, tinnitus, hyperacusis andanxiety disorders.

The method is also particularly useful for treating pain, urinaryincontinence, ulcerative colitis, asthma, and inflammation.

As indicated above, the compounds of the present invention and theirpharmaceutically acceptable salts or pharmaceutically acceptablesolvates have vanilloid receptor antagonist (VR1) activity and areuseful for the treatment or prophylaxis of certain diseases or disordersmediated or associated with the activity of vanilloid receptor,including disorders such as pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain,postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, osteoarthritic pain, backpain, visceral pain, cancer pain, algesia, neuralgia, migraine,neuropathies, diabetic neuropathy, sciatica, HIV-related neuropathy,post-herpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, nerve injury, ischaemia,neurodegeneration, stroke, post stroke pain, multiple sclerosis,respiratory diseases, asthma, cough, COPD, inflammatory disorders,oesophagitis, gastroeosophagal reflux disorder (GERD), irritable bowelsyndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic hypersensitivity, urinaryincontinence, cystitis, burns, psoriasis, emesis, stomach duodenal ulcerand pruritus.

Thus the invention also provides a compounds or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, for use as an active therapeutic substance, inparticular in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disordersmediated or associated with the activity of vanilloid receptor. Inparticular the invention provides a compound of formula (I′) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment orprophylaxis of pain.

The invention further provides a method of treatment or prophylaxis ofdiseases or disorders mediated or associated with the activity ofvanilloid receptor, in mammals including humans, which comprisesadministering to the sufferer a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of the present invention.

The invention provides for the use of a compound of the presentinvention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or apharmaceutically acceptable solvate thereof in the manufacture of amedicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or disordersmediated or associated with the activity of vanilloid receptor.

The compound of the present invention has potent analgesic andantiinflammatory activity, and the pharmaceutical composition of thepresent invention thus may be employed to alleviate or relieve acute,chronic or inflammatory pains, suppress inflammation, or treat urinaryincontinence (including urgent urinary incontinence).

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there isalso provided a method for alleviating and/or treating migraine,arthralgia, diabetic neuropathy, neurodegeneration, neurotic skindisorder, stroke, cardiac pain arising from an ischemic myocardium,Huntington's disease, memory deficits, restricted brain function,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia, urinary bladderhypersensitiveness, urinary incontinence, vulvodynia, pruriticconditions such as urernic pruritus, irritable bowel syndrome includinggastro-esophageal reflux disease, enteritis, ileitis, stomach-duodenalulcer, inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease, celiacdisease and inflammatory diseases such as pancreatitis, and inrespiratory disorders such as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, asthmaor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irritation of skin, eye ormucous membrane, dermatitis, and in non specific disorders such asfervescence, retinopathy, muscle spasms, emesis, dyskinesias ordepression. Specifically in multiple sub-types of pain such as acute,chronic, neuropathic pain or post-operative pain, as well as in pain dueto neuralgia (e.g. post herpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia; and inpain due to diabetic neuropathy or dental pain as well as in cancerpain. Additionally in the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions e.g.arthritis, and osteoarthritis, diabetes, obesity, urticaria, actinickeratosis, keratocanthoma, alopecia, Meniere's disease, tinnitus,hyperacusis and anxiety disorders.

The compounds of the present invention in pharmaceutical dosage formsmay be used in the form of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, andalso may be used alone or in appropriate association, as well as incombination with other pharmaceutically active compounds.

The compounds of the present invention (including the pharmaceuticalcompositions and processes used therein) may be used alone or incombination with other pharmaceutical agents in the manufacture of amedicament for the therapeutic applications described herein.

Methods of Preparation

The compounds of Formula I can be prepared by schemes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5shown below.

A compound of Formula I can be prepared by the above Scheme I. Thecompound of Formula (1) is reacted with compound of Formula (2) to formthe bicyclic compound of Formula (3). The oxo group of Formula (3) isconverted to an oxime group, such as by reaction with hydroxylaminehydrochloride, forming a compound of Formula (4). The oxime group of thecompound of Formula (4) is reduced to an amine group, forming thecompound of Formula (5). The compound of Formula (5) is acylated, suchas with a formate of the Formula (6) X′CYOR^(p) where X′ is a leavinggroup (such as a halogen) and R^(p) is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl (e.g.,phenyl) (such as phenylchloroformate), to form the compound of Formula(7). The compound of formula (7) is reacted with an amine of Formula (8)to form a compound of Formula I.

The compound of Formula (1) can be reacted with a compound of Formula(2) in one or more suitable organic base including, but not limited to,pyrrolidine, morpholine, pyridine or mixtures thereof. The compound ofFormula (1) can also be reacted in one or more solvents including, butnot limited to, polar protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol,isopropylalcohol and mixtures thereof), aprotic polar solvents (e.g.,dichloromethane, acetonitrile, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran,dibromomethane and mixtures thereof), and mixtures thereof. The compoundof Formula (3) can be reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in one ormore suitable solvent including, but not limited to, polar proticsolvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol and mixturesthereof), aprotic polar solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane,tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethane and mixtures thereof), and mixturesthereof. The compound of Formula (4) can be reduced to form an amine ofFormula (5) in the presence of reducing agents including, but notlimited to, catalytic reducing agents (e.g., Nickel-Aluminum/hydrogen,palladium-carbon/hydrogen, platinum-carbon/hydrogen,Raney-Nickel/hydrogen or mixtures thereof) and boron reagents (e.g.sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, BH₃, THF,BH₃-dimethylsulfide and mixtures thereof).

The compound of Formula (5) can be reacted with a compound of Formula(6) [wherein R_(p) can be alkyl or aryl] in one or more suitable solventincluding, but not limited to, polar protic solvents (e.g., methanol,ethanol, isopropylalcohol and mixtures thereof), aprotic polar solvents(e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethaneand mixtures thereof), and mixtures thereof.

The compound of Formula (6) can be reacted with a compound of Formula(8) in the presence of a base including, but not limited to, potassiumbicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate,triethylamine, ammonium hydroxide, pyridine, alkylamines and mixturesthereof, in one or more suitable solvents, not limited to, polar proticsolvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol and mixturesthereof), aprotic polar solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane,tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethane dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide andmixtures thereof), and mixtures thereof.

The compound of Formula I can be prepared by the above Scheme II. Thecompound of Formula (8) is reacted with compound of Formula (6), whereX′ is a leaving group and R^(p) is as defined in Scheme I, (such asphenylchloroformate) to form compound of Formula (9). The compound ofFormula (9) is reacted with a compound of Formula (5) to yield acompound of Formula I. Alternatively, a compound of Formula (9′) can bereacted with a compound of Formula (5) to yield a compound of Formula I.

The compound of Formula (8) can be reacted with a compound of Formula(6) (wherein X′ can be a leaving group, for example, halogen; R^(p) canbe, for example, hydrogen or alkyl) in one or more suitable organicbases including, but not limited to, pyrrolidine, morpholine, pyridineor mixtures thereof. The compound of Formula (8) can also be reacted inone or more solvents including, but not limited to, polar proticsolvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol and mixturesthereof), aprotic polar solvents (e.g., dichloromethane, acetonitrile,dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethane, ether and mixturesthereof), and mixtures thereof. The compound of Formula (9) or Formula(9′) can be reacted with compound of Formula (5) in one or more suitablesolvent including, but not limited to, in one or more suitable solvent,such as, polar protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol,isopropylalcohol and mixtures thereof), aprotic polar solvents (e.g.,dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethane,dimethysulfoxide and mixtures thereof), and mixtures thereof in thepresence of one or more suitable organic bases, including, but notlimited to, triethylamine, pyridine, pyrrolidine, morpholine or mixturesthereof.

The compound of Formula I can be prepared by the above Scheme III. Inthis scheme, the compound of Formula (10) is reacted with an amine ofFormula (8) to form the compound of Formula I.

This reaction can be performed in one or more suitable solvents, notlimited to, in one or more suitable solvents including, but not limitedto, polar protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol andmixtures thereof), aprotic polar solvents (e.g., dichloromethane,dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethane and mixtures thereof),and mixtures thereof.

The compound of Formula II, where R′, R″, p, and q are as defined forFormula IIb above, can be prepared by the above Scheme IV. The compoundof Formula (4) is reduced to form a compound of Formula (5′). Thecompound of formula (4) can be prepared by the procedure described inScheme I. The compound of Formula (5′) is then reacted with a compoundof Formula (11), where R^(p) is as defined in Scheme I, to form acompound of Formula II.

The compound of Formula (4) can be reduced to form an amine of Formula(5′) in the presence of one or more reducing agents including, but notlimited to, catalytic reducing agents (e.g., Nickel-Aluminum/hydrogen,palladium-carbon/hydrogen, platinum-carbon/hydrogen,Raney-Nickel/hydrogen or mixtures thereof) and boron reagents (e.g.sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, BH₃. THF,BH₃-dimethylsulfide and mixtures thereof).

The compound of Formula (5′) can be reacted with the compound of Formula(11) [wherein R^(p) can be alkyl or aryl] in one or more suitablesolvents including, but not limited to, polar protic solvents (e.g.,methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol and mixtures thereof), aprotic polarsolvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran,dibromomethane, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and mixturesthereof), and mixtures thereof to form a compound of Formula II.

The compound of Formula II, where R′, R″, p, and q are as defined forFormula IIb above, can be prepared by the above Scheme V. The oxo groupin the compound of Formula (3) is reduced to form a compound of Formula(13), which is converted to a compound of Formula (14) (for example,with acetamide). The compound of formula (14) is hydrolyzed to form acompound of Formula (15). The compound of Formula (15) is then reactedwith a compound of Formula (11) (shown in Scheme IV) to form a compoundof Formula II.

The compound of Formula (3) can be reduced to form a compound of Formula(13) in the presence of one or more reducing agents including, but notlimited to, catalytic reducing agents (e.g. Nickel-Aluminum/hydrogen,palladium-carbon/hydrogen, platinum-carbon/hydrogen,Raney-Nickel/hydrogen or mixtures thereof) and boron reagents (e.g.sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, BH₃-tetrahydrofuran,BH₃-dimethylsulfide and mixtures thereof). The reduction can beperformed, for example, in one or more aprotic polar solvents, e.g.,dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethane ormixtures thereof.

The compound of Formula (13) can be reacted with acetamide to form acompound of Formula (14), for example, in the presence of acetonitrileand sulfuric acid. The compound of Formula (14) can be hydrolysed in thepresence of a base (including, but not limited to, potassiumbicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate,triethylamine, ammonium hydroxide, pyridine, alkylamines and mixturesthereof) or an acid (including, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid,trifluoroacetic acid and mixtures thereof).

Alternatively, the compound of Formula (3) can be directly converted tothe compound of Formula (15), for example, by subjecting the compound ofFormula (3) to reductive amination. The reductive amination may beperformed in the presence of one or more reducing agents including, butnot limited to, sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, sodiumtriacetoxyborohydride, boranes and mixtures thereof. The reductiveamination may be performed in the presence of ammonia, ammonium acetate,ammonium chloride, liquor ammonia or any mixture thereof.

The compound of Formula (15) can be reacted with the compound of Formula(11) [wherein R^(p) can be alkyl or aryl] in one or more suitablesolvents including, but not limited to, polar protic solvents (e.g.,methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol and mixtures thereof), aprotic polarsolvents (e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran,dibromomethane, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and mixturesthereof), and mixtures thereof to form a compound of Formula II.

The compound of Formula (3) can be prepared by the above Scheme VI. Thisscheme for preparing the compound of Formula (3) can be used incombination with Scheme V, or in lieu of the method of preparing thecompound of Formula (3) provided in Scheme I.

The compound of Formula (16) is reacted with a compound of Formula (17)(which can be an acrylic acid or ester), where R^(p) is as defined inScheme I above, to form compound of Formula (18). The compound ofFormula (18) is cyclized to form a compound of Formula (19).

The compound of Formula (16) can be reacted with the compound of Formula(17) in the presence of a base including, but not limited to, potassiumbicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate,triethylamine, ammonium hydroxide, pyridine, alkylamines and mixturesthereof. The reaction can be performed in one or more suitable solventsincluding, but not limited to, polar protic solvents (e.g., methanol,ethanol, isopropylalcohol and mixtures thereof), aprotic polar solvents(e.g., dichloromethane, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, dibromomethanedimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and mixtures thereof), and mixturesthereof.

Acid addition salts of the compounds described herein can be preparedfollowing procedures known in the art.

EXAMPLES Intermediate 1 Cyclobutylidene Acetic Acid Step 1: Methylcyclobutylidene acetate

To a solution of methoxycarbonyltriphenylphosphonium ylide (18 mmol, 6.1gm) in benzene (45 ml) was added cyclobutanone (36 mmol) and refluxedfor 2 days. Reaction was cooled and on addition of pentane (20-40 ml)the product precipitated as white solid after refrigeration.

Step 2: Cyclobutylidene acetic acid

Methyl cyclobutylidene acetate was hydrolyzed in methanol: 2N NaOH(1:1). After neutralization with 6N HCl and extraction with ethylacetate the desired acid was obtained as a white solid.

Intermediate 2 Phenyl 1-methyl-1H-indazol-4-ylcarbamate Step 1:4-nitro-1H-indazol

A solution of 2-methyl-3-nitro aniline (1 mmol) in acetic acid wasstirred at room temperature and sodium nitrite (1.1 mmol) was added tothe reaction mixture. Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 5 hours. Reaction mixture was poured into water and neutralized withammonia. Product precipitated out, was filtered and washed with water.It was then purified by column chromatography to afford the desiredcompound as a pale yellow solid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 7.57-7.68 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.06-8.12 (1H, d, J=8.4Hz); 8.13-8.22 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.51-8.57 (1H, s); 13.80-14.04 (1H, s)

Step 2: 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-indazol and 2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-indazol

A solution of 4-nitro-1H-indazole (1 mmol) in DMF was cooled to 0° C.and potassium carbonate (1.2 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture.Methyl iodide was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C.Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour and then stirred atroom temperature for 15 hours. Reaction mixture was filtered, dilutedwith water and extracted with ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate layer waswashed with saturated brine solution and water. Ethyl layer was driedover anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum. Crude productwas column purified to get both the isomers.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for 1-methyl isomer: δ 4.16-4.23 (3H, s); 7.61-7.72(1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.14-8.21 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.22-8.31 (1H, d, J=8.4Hz); 8.46-8.55 (1H, s)

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for 2-methyl isomer: δ 4.29 (3H, s); 7.47-7.52 (1H, t,J=8.1 Hz); 8.17-8.18 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.20-8.11 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz);8.87 (1H, s)

Step 3: 1-methyl-1H-indazol-4-amine

A solution of 1-methyl-4-nitro-1H-indazole in ethanol was hydrogenatedin the presence of 10% Pd/C at 60 psi for 20 hours. Reaction mixture wasfiltered through celite. Filtrate was concentrated under vacuum and theresidue was column purified.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 3.90 (3H, s); 5.76 (2H, s); 6.13 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz);6.63 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.02 (1H, t, J=7.6 Hz); 8.03 (1H, s).

Step 4: Phenyl 1-methyl-1H-indazol-4-ylcarbamate

A solution of phenyl chloroformate (1.1 mmol) in chloroform was cooledto 0° C. 1-methyl-1H-indazole-4-amine in dry THF was added to thereaction mixture dropwise at 0° C. Pyridine (1 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture. Reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutesand was then stirred at room temperature for 15 hours.

Reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to remove the excesssolvent. Residue was column purified to obtain the pure carbamate.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 4.02 (3H, s); 6.75 (1H, d), 7.14 (1H, t), 7.25-7.55(6H, m); 8.39 (1H, s); 10.48 (1H, s).

Intermediate 3 (±)4-Amino-3,4-Dihydrospiro-2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane.HCl Step I:3,4-Dihydrospiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane-4-one

A solution of 2′-hydroxy acetophenone (10 mmol), Cyclobutanone (10 mmol)and pyrrolidine (20 mmol) was refluxed for 15 h in methanol. Thereaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated invacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with sat.NaHCO₃ followed by 6N HCl. The HCl layer was separated and basified topH 9. The product was extracted in ethyl acetate. The organic layer wasthen separated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuumto afford the desired product in quantitative yield.

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-spiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane

A solution of 3,4-Dihydrospiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane-4-one:(10 mmol) and hydroxylamine. HCl (15 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) wasrefluxed for 5 h in the presence of sodium hydroxide (50 mmol in 5 mlwater). The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature andtreated with sat. NH₄Cl.3,4-Dihydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-spiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutanewas separated in the form of a precipitate. It was then filtered andwashed with water.

Step III: (±) 4-Amino-3,4-Dihydrospiro-2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane.trifluoroacetic acid

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-spiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane(0.5 g) in ethanol (10 ml) and aq. NaOH (2N, 10 ml), Ni—Al alloy (0.75g) was added. The suspension was then stirred at room temperature for 15h. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a bed of celite andwashed with ethanol. Ethanol was evaporated and the residue wasdissolved in THF and treated with BOC anhydride (1.5 eq.). The desiredcompound was then extracted in ethyl acetate. The organic layer wasseparated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuum toafford a residue. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane andtreated with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature for 24 h. Thesolvent and trifluoroacetic acid were evaporated under vacuum to affordthe desired (±)4-Amino-3,4-Dihydrospiro-2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane TFA inquantitative yield. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-1.2.36 (8H, m); 4.57 (1H,m); 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.98 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.4Hz); 7.59 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.73 (3H, b).

Intermediate 4 8-chloroisoquinolin-5-amine Step 1: 8-Chloroisoquinoline

To a solution of 8-aminoisoquinoline (J. Med. Chem., 2005, 48, 744-52)(1 mmol) in concentrated hydrochloric acid was added a solution ofsodium nitrite (1.2 mmol) in water. The diazotization was carried out at0° C. The cold diazonium salt solution was added to a solution ofcuprous chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid at 0° C. The coldsolution was warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperaturefor 3 hours. After 3 hours, the solution was heated at 60° C. for 30min. Reaction mixture was basified and extracted with diethyl ether.Ether was washed with cold concentrated sulfuric acid, brine. Ether wasdried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum. Cruderesidue was column purified to afford a pale yellow liquid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ □7.73-7.85 (2H, m); 7.93-7.95 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz);7.98-8.01 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.64-8.66 (1H, d, J=5.4 Hz); 9.55 (1H, s)

Step 2: 8-chloro-5-nitroisoquinoline

To a solution of 8-chloroisoquinoline (1 mmol) in concentrated sulfuricacid at 0° C. was added potassium nitrate (1.1 mmol). The reactionmixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperaturefor 5 hours. The reaction mixture was basified. Solid precipitated wascolumn purified to afford a pale yellow solid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ □7.76-7.79 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.48-8.51 (1H, d,J=8.4 Hz); 8.53-8.55 (1H, d, J=6 Hz); 8.86-8.88 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 9.84(1H, s)

Step 3: 8-chloroisoquinolin-5-amine

To a solution of 8-chloro-5-nitroisoquinoline (1 mmol) in acetic acid,zinc dust (10 mmol) was added. Reaction mixture was refluxed for 5hours. Reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filteredthrough celite bed. Filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to afford thedesired compound.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 6.22 (2H, bs); 6.81-6.84 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz);7.45-7.48 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.01-8.03 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.49-8.51 (1H,d, J=6 Hz); 9.36 (1H, s)

Intermediate 5 1-methylisoquinolin-5-amine Step 1:1-methyl-5-nitroisoquinoline

To a solution of 1-methyl isoquinoline (Aldrich) in concentratedsulfuric acid at 0° C. was added potassium nitrate (1.1 mmol). Reactionmixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperaturefor 5 hours. Reaction mixture was basified. Solid precipitated wascolumn purified.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.98 (3H, s); 7.84-7.89 (1H, t, J=7.9 Hz); 8.08-8.10(1H, d, J=5.4 Hz); 8.57-8.60 (2H, m); 8.66-8.69 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz)

Step 2: 1-methylisoquinolin-5-amine

A solution of 1-methyl-5-nitroisoquinoline in ethanol was hydrogenatedin the presence of 10% palladium carbon at 60 psi for 4 hours. Reactionmixture was filtered through celite bed. Filtrate was concentrated undervacuum to afford the desired compound as pale white solid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.78 (3H, S); 5.91 (2H, bs); 6.85 (1H, m); 7.30 (2H,m); 7.79 (1H, d); 8.18-8.19 (1H, d, J=3.9 Hz)

Intermediate 6 Thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-3-amine

Thieno[2,3-c]pyridin-3-amine was prepared as described in WO 2006/063178

Example 1(±)1-{3,4-Dihydro-1′-(methyl)spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine]-4-yl}-3-(isoquinoline-5-yl)urea

Step I:3,4-Dihydro-spiro-1′-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine-4-one

A solution of 2′-hydroxy acetophenone (10 mmol), N-methylpiperidone (10mmol) and pyrrolidine (20 mmol) in methanol was refluxed for 15 h. Thereaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated invacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with sat.NaHCO₃ followed by 6N HCl. The HCl layer was separated and basified topH 9. Product was extracted in ethyl acetate. Organic layer wasseparated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuum toafford the desired product in quantitative yield.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.76 (2H, m, CH₂); 2.04 (2H, m, CH₂); 2.33 (3H, s,CH₃); 2.43 (2H, t, J=11.1); 2.60 (2H, m, CH₂); 2.72 (2H, s, CH₂); 7.22(2H, m, 2×ArH); 7.50 (1H, m, ArH); 7.86 (1H, dd, J=2.1 & 8.4 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-1′-methyl-spiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine

A solution of3,4-Dihydro-spiro-1′-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine-4-one (10mmol) and Hydroxylamine.HCl (15 mmol) in ethanol (20 ml) was refluxedfor 5 h in the presence of Sodium hydroxide (50 mmol in 5 ml water). Thereaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and treated withsat. NH₄Cl.3,4-Dihydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-1′-methyl-spiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidineseparated in the form of a precipitate. It was then filtered and washedwith water.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.57-1.77 (4H, m, 2×CH₂); 2.19 (3H, s, CH₃); 2.28(2H, t, J=9.9); 2.46 (2H, m, CH₂); 2.76 (2H, s, CH₂); 6.91 (2H, m,2×ArH); 7.26 (1H, m, ArH); 7.74 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 11.29 (1H, s, OH).

Step III:(±)4-Amino-3,4-Dihydro-spiro-1′-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidineditrifluoroacetate (2TFA)

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-1′-methyl-spiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine(0.5 g) in ethanol (10 ml) and aq. NaOH (2N, 10 ml), was added Ni—Alalloy (0.75 g). The suspension was then stirred at room temperature for15 h. Reaction mixture was then filtered through a bed of celite andwashed with ethanol. Ethanol was evaporated and the residue was taken inTHF and treated with Boc anhydride (1.5 eq.). The desired compound wasthen extracted in ethyl acetate. Organic layer was separated, dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuum to afford a residue. Theresidue was dissolved in dichloromethane and treated withtrifluoroacetic acid at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent andtrifluoroacetic acid was evaporated under vacuum to afford the desired4-Amino-3,4-Dihydro-spiro-1′-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine.2TFAin quantitative yield.

¹H NMR (MeOH-d₄): δ 1.81-2.15 (5H, m, 2×CH₂ & CH); 2.30 (1H, dd, J=13.2& 6.6 Hz, CH); 2.84 (3H, s, CH₃); 3.07 (1H, m, CH); 3.25 (1H, m, CH);3.41 (2H, m, CH₂); 4.61 (1H, dd, J=6.9 & 11.1 Hz, CH); 6.96 (2H, m,2×ArH); 7.24 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz, ArH); 7.37 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz).

Step IV:(±)(1-{3,4-Dihydro-1′-(methyl)spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine]-4-yl}-3-(isoquinoline-5-yl)urea

A solution of phenyl N-(5-isoquinolinyl)carbamate (1 mmol) and4-Amino-3,4-Dihydro-spiro-1′-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-piperidine.2TFA(1 mmol) in DMSO was stirred in the presence of a base such astriethylamine (2 mmol). Few drops of water were added in the reactionmixture. The desired urea precipitated, filtered and washed with water.

¹H NMR (MeOH-d₄): δ 1.62-1.87 (5H, m, 2×CH₂ & CH); 2.12-2.34 (5H, m,2×CH & CH₃); 2.56 (3H, m, CH & CH₂); 5.08 (1H, dd, J=6.6 & 10.8 Hz, CH);6.73 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz, ArH); 6.84 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz, ArH); 7.08 (1H, t,J=7.5 Hz, ArH); 7.29 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz, ArH); 7.59 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz,ArH); 7.78 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz, ArH); 7.84 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz, ArH); 8.09(1H, d, J=7.5 Hz, ArH); 8.36 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz, ArH); 9.13 (1H, s, ArH).Melting point: 130° C.; IR (KBr): 3341, 1698, 1551, 1234, 757.

The compounds in Examples 2 were prepared according to the methoddescribed in Example 3 using substrates appropriately substituted atR¹-R².

Example 2(±)1-(2′,3,3′,4,5′,6′-Hexahydrospiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-pyran]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinoline-5-yl)urea

Step I:2,′3,3′,4,5′,6′-Hexahydrospiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,4′-[4H]pyran-4-oneStep II:2′,3,3′,4,5′,6′-Hexahydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-spiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,4′-[4H]pyranStep III:(±)4-Amino-2′,3,3′,4,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro-[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,4′-[4H]-pyran

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.68-1.90 (7H, m); 2.17 (1H, dd, J=6.3 & 13.2 Hz);3.76-3.88 (3H, m); 3.98-4.14 (2H, m); 6.91 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.99 (1H,t, J=6.0 Hz); 7.21 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.48 (1H, d, 7.8 Hz).

Step IV:(±)1-(2′,3,3′,4,5′,6′-Hexahydrospiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,4′-pyran]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinoline-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.72-1.85 (5H, m); 2.28 (1H, dd, J=6.6 & 13.5 Hz);3.61-3.79 (4H, m); 5.05 (1H, m); 6.87 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.94 (1H, t,J=7.2 Hz); 7.01 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.19 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.35 (1H, d,J=7.8 Hz); 7.63 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.77 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H, d,J=6.3 Hz); 8.36 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.55 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.73 (1H, s);9.29 (1H, s); Melting point: 220° C.; IR (KBr): 3323, 1635, 1560, 1483,1236, 753.

Example 3(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

Step I: 3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane-4-one]

A solution of 2′-hydroxy acetophenone (10 mmol), cyclobutanone (10-20mmol) and pyrrolidine (20 mmol) in methanol was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residuewas dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 6N HCl. Organic layer wasseparated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuum toafford the crude product which, on purification by column chromatographyafforded the desired product as yellow oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.66-1.79 (1H, m); 1.86-1.99 (1H, m); 2.13-2.21 (2H,m); 2.28-2.39 (2H, m); 2.90 (2H, s); 6.96-7.02 (2H, m); 7.48 (1H, t,J=7.5 Hz); 7.85 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-(hydroxyimino)-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]:was synthesized using the process described in Step-II of Example 1

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.70-1.79 (1H, m); 1.82-1.97 (1H, m); 2.07-2.15 (2H,m); 2.22-2.37 (2H, m); 3.07 (2H, s); 6.89-6.95 (2H, m); 7.25-7.30 (2H,m); 7.77 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz).

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]hydrochloride:was synthesizes using the process as described in Step-III of Example 1

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-2.36 (8H, m); 4.57 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 6.98 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.59 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz); 8.73 (3H, b).

This amine was resolved using R and S-mandelic acid in acetonitrile togive (−) 4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro-2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane and(+) 4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro-2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutanerespectively.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for (−) amine: δ 1.56-1.82 (3H, m); 1.93-2.14 (3H, m);2.24-2.36 (2H, m); 3.83-3.89 (1H, m); 6.70 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.84 (1H,t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.06 (1H, t, J=8.4 Hz); 7.50 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz). Thiscompound has R-configuration [Ref. Tetrahedron 55 (1999) 7555-7562]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for (+) amine: δ 1.58-1.82 (3H, m); 1.97-2.16 (3H, m);2.24-2.36 (2H, m); 3.89-3.94 (1H, m); 6.70 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.85 (1H,t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.07 (1H, t, J=8.4 Hz); 7.50 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz). Thiscompound has S-configuration [Ref. Tetrahedron 55 (1999) 7555-7562]

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea:was synthesizes using the process as described in Step-IV of Example 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.73-1.97 (3H, m); 2.15-2.32 (4H, m); 2.42 (1H, m);5.02 (1H, m); 6.82 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.93 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.04 (1H,d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.18 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.31 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.62 (1H,t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.77 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.39 (1H,d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.74 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s);Melting Point: 246° C.; IR (KBr): 3326, 3277, 1627, 1563, 1239, 753.

(±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]hydrochloridewere resolved as described in Step III of Example 3, and were reactedwith the appropriate carbamate to form the compounds described inExample 4 and Example 5

Example 4(+)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for hydrochloride salt: δ 1.72-1.98 (3H, m); 2.08-2.50(5H, m); 5.03 (1H, m); 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.91 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz);7.14 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.29 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.59 (1H, bm); 7.93 (1H,t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.10 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.72 (3H, bm), 9.60 (1H, s); 9.80(1H, s)

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for sulfate salt: δ 1.72-2.00 (3H, m); 2.08-2.50 (5H,m); 5.02 (1H, m); 6.81 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.93 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz);7.10-7.18 (2H, m); 7.30 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz); 7.96 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.15(1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.44 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.66 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.73(1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 9.10 (1H, s); 9.83 (1H, s)

IR (KBr): 3275, 3072, 2926, 1643, 1556, 1315, 1276, 1179, 1037, 866,805, 755.

[α]²⁵=+54 to +57° (c=1, methanol)

Example 5(−)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for hydrochloride salt: δ 1.72-1.98 (3H, m); 2.08-2.50(5H, m); 5.03 (1H, m); 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.91 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz);7.14 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.29 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.59 (1H, bm); 7.93 (1H,t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.10 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.72 (3H, bm), 9.60 (1H, s); 9.80(1H, s)

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for sulfate salt: δ 1.72-2.00 (3H, m); 2.08-2.50 (5H,m); 5.02 (1H, m); 6.81 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.93 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz);7.10-7.18 (2H, m); 7.30 (1H, d, J=6.8 Hz); 7.96 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.15(1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.44 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.66 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.73(1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 9.10 (1H, s); 9.83 (1H, s)

IR (KBr): 3275, 3072, 2926, 1643, 1556, 1315, 1276, 1179, 1037, 866,805, 755.

[α]²⁵=+54 to +57° (c=1, methanol)

Examples 6 to 30 were prepared according to the method described inExample 3, using an appropriately substituted carbamate.

Example 6 (±)1-(3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(8-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.71-1.98 (3H, m); 2.10-2.45 (5H, m); 5.02 (1H, m);6.82 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 6.92 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.07 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz);7.17 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.31 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.77 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz);8.02 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.38 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.72 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz);8.85 (1H, s); 9.53 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3308, 2987, 2942, 1633,1570, 1483, 1373, 1311, 1269, 1243, 830, 752; MS (M⁺+1): 394.1

Example 7 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.96 (3H, m); 2.12-2.45 (5H, m); 2.64 (3H, s);5.01 (1H, m); 6.81 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.92 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.03 (1H,d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.18 (1H, t, J=8.4 Hz); 7.30 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.53 (1H,t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.70 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.33 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.64 (1H,s); 9.18 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3309, 1627, 1565, 1238; MS (M⁺+1):374.1

Example 8 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.96 (3H, m); 2.15-2.43 (5H, m); 2.89 (3H, s);5.02 (1H, m); 6.81 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 6.92 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.04 (1H,d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.18 (1H, t, J=5.7 Hz); 7.30 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.61 (1H,t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.79 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 7.86 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.36 (1H,d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.69 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm¹):3308, 1631, 1560, 1233; MS (M⁺+1): 374.2

Example 9 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-oxoisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was synthesized by oxidizing(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea(example 3) using metachloroperbenzoic acid (3.0 eq) in chloroform ordichloromethane at room temperature.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.73-1.97 (3H, m); 2.15-2.42 (5H, m); 5.02 (1H, m);6.78 (1H, d, 7.8 Hz); 6.93 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.18 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz);7.24 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.39-7.63 (3H, m); 7.78 (1H, m); 8.00-8.21 (4H,m); 8.94 (1H, s).

Example 10 (+)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-oxoisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was synthesized by oxidizing(−)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea(example 4) using metachloroperbenzoic acid (3.0 eq) in chloroform ordichloromethane at room temperature.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.73-1.97 (3H, m); 2.15-2.42 (5H, m); 5.02 (1H, m);6.78 (1H, d, J=−7.8 Hz); 6.93 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.18 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz);7.24 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.39-7.63 (3H, m); 7.78 (1H, m); 8.00-8.21 (4H,m); 8.94 (1H, s).

Example 11(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-chloro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.98 (3H, m); 2.13-2.39 (5H, m); 5.01 (1H, m);6.80 (1H, d, J=−7.5 Hz); 6.90 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.19 (2H, dd, J=7.5Hz); 7.39 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.62 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.04 (1H, s); 10.73(1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3310, 3272, 1634, 1563, 1233; MS (M⁺+1):399.20

Example 12(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-fluoro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.75-1.98 (3H, m); 2.06-2.34 (5H, m); 3.82-4.17 (3H,s); 4.99 (1H, m); 6.65-6.96 (3H, m); 7.10-7.34 (4H, m); 7.68-7.79 (1H,m); 7.97-8.07 (1H, s); 8.66-8.78 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3359, 3278,1640, 1551, 1234; MS (M⁺+1): 363.24

Example 13(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.75-1.98 (3H, m); 2.06-2.34 (5H, m); 3.82-4.17 (3H,s); 4.99 (1H, m); 6.65-6.96 (3H, m); 7.10-7.34 (4H, m); 7.68-7.79 (1H,m); 7.97-8.07 (1H, s); 8.66-8.78 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3359, 3278,1640, 1551, 1234; MS (M⁺+1): 363.24

Example 14(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-2.03 (3H, m); 2.04-2.47 (5H, m); 3.79 (3H, s);5.02 (1H, m); 6.76-6.86 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 6.87-7.05 (2H, t, J=10.3 Hz);7.06-7.38 (3H, m); 7.44-7.65 (2H, m); 10.32-10.73 (1H, bs); IR (KBr)(cm⁻¹): 3354, 1677, 1577, 1470, 1239

MS (M⁺+1): 396.18

Example 15(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-methyl-2H-indazol-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-1.98 (3H, m); 2.05-2.47 (5H, m); 4.09-4.25 (3H,s); 4.93-5.07 (1H, m); 6.61-6.76 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.77-6.81 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz); 6.86-6.98 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.08-7.23 (2H, m); 7.24-7.36(2H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.48-7.56 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz); 8.18-8.26 (1H, s);8.52-8.64 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3317, 1628, 1566, 1239; MS (M⁺+1):363.39

Example 16(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.23-1.44 (9H, s); 1.65-1.98 (3H, m); 2.03-2.47 (5H,m); 4.90-5.05 (1H, m); 6.74-6.83 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.84-6.93 (1H, t,J=7.3 Hz); 6.94-7.04 (1H, m); 7.11-7.23 (1H, m); 10.59-10.98 (1H, bs);IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3385, 1697, 1521, 1453, 1238; MS (M⁺+1): 373.14

Example 17(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl])urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.64-2.02 (3H, m); 2.04-2.35 (5H, m); 4.94-5.09 (1H,m); 6.75-6.84 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 6.86-7.01 (2H, m); 7.12-7.28 (2H, m);7.53-7.68 (3H, d, J=9.9 Hz); 7.74-7.89 (2H, m); 10.52-10.68 (1H, bs); IR(KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3339, 1641, 1555, 1233; MS (M⁺+1): 468.16

Example 18(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(6-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.68-2.03 (3H, m); 2.04-2.32 (4H, m); 2.34-2.44 (4H,m); 4.92-5.09 (1H, m); 6.72-6.86 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.88-6.97 (1H, m);7.08-7.30 (4H, m); 7.43-7.58 (1H, m); 7.61-7.76 (1H, s); 10.48-10.63(1H, bs); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3331, 1673, 1527, 1237; MS (M⁺+1): 380.12

Example 19(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-acetyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.66-2.04 (3H, m); 2.06-2.43 (5H, m); 2.66-2.78 (3H,s) 4.93-5.09 (1H, m); 6.75-6.86 (2H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.88-6.98 (1H, t,J=6.9 Hz); 7.13-7.22 (1H, m); 7.25-7.34 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 7.45-7.60(1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.82-7.97 (2H, t, J=9.1 Hz); 8.39-8.47 (1H, s);8.95-9.07 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3328, 1734, 1633, 1562, 1239; MS(M⁺+1): 391.16

Example 20(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.50-2.02 (3H, m); 2.03-2.39 (5H, m); 4.86-5.09 (1H,m); 6.60-7.05 (3H, m); 7.08-7.45 (2H, m); 7.65-7.89 (1H, s); 7.90-8.15(1H, s); 8.44-8.68 (1H, s); 8.90-9.39 (2H, d); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3335,1686, 1543, 1233; MS (M⁺+1): 366.35

Example 21(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-([5-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.60-2.05 (3H, m); 2.07-2.38 (5H, m); 4.92-5.13 (1H,m); 6.71-6.86 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 6.87-6.98 (1H, t, J=8.4 Hz); 7.02-7.27(3H, m); 7.64-7.78 (2H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.79-7.96 (2H, d, J=7.8 Hz);10.94-11.12 (1H, bs); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3390, 1701, 1448, 1240; MS(M⁺+1): 471.27

Example 22(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.62-2.03 (3H, m); 2.05-2.37 (1H, m); 4.98-5.15 (1H,m); 6.66-6.97 (3H, m); 7.05-7.36 (2H, m); 9.55-9.86 (2H, bs); IR (KBr)(cm⁻¹): 3223, 1681, 1533, 1235; MS (M⁺+1): 339.20

Example 23(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(5-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.63-1.91 (3H, m); 1.92-2.39 (5H, m); 5.03-5.21 (1H,m) 6.73-6.87 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.88-6.97 (1H, m); 7.09-7.33 (3H, m);7.46-7.68 (2H, m); 8.52-8.67 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 11.28-11.52 (1H, bs); IR(KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3235, 1686, 1557, 1250; MS (M⁺+1): 384.25

Example 24(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.62-2.03 (3H, m); 2.05-2.34 (5H, m); 4.92-5.18 (1H,m); 6.64-7.01 (2H, m); 7.03-7.37 (3H, m); 8.06-8.52 (4H, m); 11.08-11.37(1H, bs)

IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3389, 1701, 1586, 1231; MS (M⁺+1): 436.12

Example 25(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(2-furylmethyl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.60-1.91 (3H, m); 1.95-2.37 (5H, m); 4.13-4.38 (2H,s); 4.81-4.99 (1H, m); 6.18-6.27 (1H, s); 6.28-6.49 (3H, m); 6.69-6.78(1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 6.70-6.94 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.16-7.23 (2H, m);7.54-7.65 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3339, 1621, 1483, 1241; MS (M⁺+1):313.24

Example 26 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(quinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.97 (3H, m); 2.12-2.57 (5H, m); 5.02 (1H, m);6.81 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.90-6.99 (2H, m); 7.18 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.31(1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.58 (1H, dd, J=3.9 & 8.4 Hz); 7.71 (2H, m); 8.14(1H, m); 8.50 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 8.75 (1H, s); 8.91 (1H, m). IR (KBr)(cm⁻¹): 3327, 1629, 1560, 1234. MS (M⁺+1): 360.24.

Example 27(±)1-(3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-8-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.98 (3H, m); 2.12-2.57 (5H, m); 5.03 (1H, m);6.82 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.93 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.04 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz);7.18 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.32 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.60 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz);7.72 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.80 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.23 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz);8.51 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 9.00 (1H, s); 9.52 (1H, s). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹):3310, 3272, 1634, 1563, 1233. MS (M⁺+1): 360.20.

Example 28N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea(N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea)

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.97 (3H, m); 2.10-2.57 (5H, m); 5.00 (1H, m);6.80 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.90 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.17 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz);7.26 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.32 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.50-7.60 (2H, m); 8.07(1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 9.35 (1H, s).

IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3377, 3312, 3288, 1665, 1555, 1239; MS (M⁺−1): 349.11.

Example 29N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea(N-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl-N′-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea)

This compound was prepared by the same method as described in theexample I from4-amino-3,4-dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] and phenyl2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-ylcarbamate, M.P. 241-242° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.96 (3H, m); 2.12-2.57 (5H, m); 5.03 (1H, m);6.80 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.90 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.16 (1H, t, J=6.6 Hz);7.27 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 7.32 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.54-7.70 (3H, m); 8.31(1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 9.22 (1H, s). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3320, 1568, 1238, 750;MS (M⁺+1): 367.07.

Example 30N′-(1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-5-yl)-N-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea(N′-(1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-5-yl)-N-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylurea)

This compound was prepared by the same method as described in theexample I from4-amino-3,4-dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] and phenyl1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-5-ylcarbamate, m.p. >250° C.; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.96 (3H, m); 2.04-2.60 (5H, m); 4.98 (1H, m); 6.67(1H, m); 6.74-6.82 (1H, m); 6.92-6.96 (1H, m); 6.97-7.03 (1H, m);7.06-7.36 (3H, m); 7.38-7.50 (1H, m); 7.88 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.25 (1H,d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.43 (1H, brs) 11.34 (1H, brs); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3436,1666, 1629, 1238; MS (M⁺−1): 374.35.

Example 31(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)urea

A solution of phenyl3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylcarbamate (1mmol) and 2-(amino methyl)pyridine (1 mmol) in dimethylsulfoxide wasstirred at room temperature in the presence of a base such astriethylamine (2 mmol). Few drops of water were added in the reactionmixture. Product precipitated out, was filtered and washed with water.It was then purified by column chromatography to afford the desired ureaas a white solid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.97 (3H, m); 2.12-2.29 (5H, m); 4.30 (2H, d);4.90 (1H, m); 6.47 (2H; t); 6.74 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 6.85 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz); 7.12 (2H, m); 7.37 (1H, m); 7.70 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.46 (1H, d,J=1.2 Hz); 8.52 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3327, 1625, 1555, 1254; MS(M⁺+1): 324.26.

The Examples 32 to 39 were prepared according to the method described inExample 31 using appropriately substituted R⁸.

Example 32(±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.90 (3H, m); 2.00-2.36 (5H, m); 4.38 (2H, d,J=5.1 Hz); 4.90 (1H, m); 6.55 (2H, m); 6.75 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.85 (1H,t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.14 (2H, m); 7.31 (2H, m); 7.78 (1H, t, J=6.3 Hz); 8.50(1H, d); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3308, 1626, 1127, 1037, 751; MS (M⁺+1): 324.21

Example 331-((R)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((S)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.65-2.00 (5H, m); 2.08-2.44 (5H, m); 3.36 (1H, m);3.52 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 3.73 (1H, dd, J=6.0 & 10.8 Hz); 4.47 (1H, m);4.78 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 4.90 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 5.08 (1H, m); 6.33 (1H,d, J=8.7 Hz); 6.78 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 6.83 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.11 (1H,t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.20 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.58 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.35 (1H,s). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3400, 1633, 1613, 1328. MS (M⁺+1): 447.

Example 341-((R)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((R)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.66-2.00 (5H, m); 2.08-2.32 (5H, m); 3.53 (2H, b);3.67 (1H, m); 4.33 (1H, m); 4.90 (1H, m); 6.17 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 6.34(1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 6.60 (1H, d, J=9.3 Hz); 6.75 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.87(1H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.11 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.17 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.76(1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.40 (1H, s). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3367, 1630, 1613,1560, 1328, 1305, 1111. MS (M⁺+1): 447.1.

Example 351-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((R)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.65-2.26 (7H, m); 2.33-2.49 (3H, m); 3.41 (1H, m);3.60 (2H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 3.82 (1H, dd, J=5.7 & 11.1 Hz); 4.43-4.60 (3H,m); 5.12 (1H, m); 6.39 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.86(1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.12-7.25 (2H, m); 7.62 (1H, dd, J=2.7 & 8.7 Hz);8.39 (1H, s). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3349, 1631, 1613, 1562, 1521, 1328, 1110,1079. MS (M⁺+1): 447.

Example 361-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-((S)-1-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)urea

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.65-2.26 (7H, m); 2.33-2.49 (3H, m); 3.41 (1H, m);3.61 (2H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 3.82 (1H, dd, J=5.7 & 10.8 Hz); 4.44-4.60 (3H,m); 5.13 (1H, m); 6.38 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 6.80 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 6.88(1H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.12-7.25 (2H, m); 7.60 (1H, m); 8.38 (1H, s). IR(KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3369, 1631, 1613, 1304, 1110, 1079. MS (M⁺+1): 447.

Example 371-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)methylurea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.90 (3H, m); 2.00-2.36 (5H, m); 4.31 (2H, d,J=4.8 Hz); 4.90 (1H, m); 6.54 (2H, m); 6.76 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.87 (1H,t, J=6.9 Hz); 7.12 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.17 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.28 (2H,m); 7.52 (2H, m). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3370, 1630, 1115, 1063. MS (M⁺+1):324.21.

Example 381-((S)-3,4-Dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.30 (2H, m); 2.08 (2H, m); 2.28 (2H, m); 4.36 (2H,dd); 4.89 (1H, m); 6.49 (2H, dd, J=7.2 Hz); 6.74 (1H, d J=6.9 Hz); 6.86(1H, t); 7.13 (2H, m); 7.15 (2H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.71 (2H, d, J=7.8 Hz).IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3351, 3306, 2943, 1627, 1574, 1455, 1421, 1236, 1120.MS (M⁺+1): 391.07.

Example 39N-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylpiperidine-1-carboxamide

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.39-1.60 (m, 7H), 1.65-1.90 (m, 4H), 2.01-2.18 (m,4H), 2.20-2.36 (m, 4H), 4.98 (1H, m); 6.73 (2H, dd, J=6.3 Hz); 6.86 (1H,t); 7.10 (1H, m). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3318, 1618, 1528, 1235, 760.

The first step of Examples 40 to 62 were carried out using the proceduredescribed in step 1 of Example 3 with an appropriately substitutedacetophenone. Step II to IV were carried out by following the procedureas described in step II to IV in Example 1.

Example 40 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.24-1.46 (2H, m); 1.60-1.79 (4H, m); 1.82 (3H, s);2.92 (2H, s); 6.52 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 6.94 (1H, m); 7.08 (1H, s).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-6-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.63-1.84 (2H, m); 1.93-2.14 (4H, m); 2.21 (3H, s),2.5 (2H, s), 6.77 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.04 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.52 (1H,s); 11.23 (1H, s).

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]hydrochloride

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-2.36 (11H, m); 4.50 (1H, m); 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 7.03 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.46 (1H, s); 8.80 (3H, b).

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.71-1.94 (3H, m); 2.08-2.44 (5H, m); 2.22 (1H, s);4.98 (1H, m); 6.71 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.00 (1H, t, J=10.5 Hz); 7.10 (1H,s); 7.63 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.76 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H, d, J=6.3Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.55 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.71 (1H, s); 9.29(1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3341, 3276, 2935, 1668, 1576, 1566, 1495,1220; MS (M⁺+1): 375.1

Example 41 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] StepII:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.76 (2H, m); 1.93-2.14 (4H, m); 2.22 (3H, s),2.88 (2H, s), 6.70 (2H, m); 7.57 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 11.14 (1H, s).

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane].HCl

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-2.30 (11H, m); 4.51 (1H, m); 6.67 (1H,$), 6.78(1H, d, J=8.5 Hz); 7.44 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.69 (3H, b).

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.76-1.94 (3H, m); 2.13-2.44 (5H, m); 2.24 (3H, s);4.97 (1H, m); 6.64 (1H, s); 6.75 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.99 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 7.18 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.64 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.77 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=6.0Hz); 8.73 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3324, 1625, 1560,1233; MS (M⁺+1): 374.2

Example 42 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

Step I:3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.66-1.80 (1H, m); 1.86-1.99 (1H, m); 2.13-2.21 (2H,m); 2.24-2.39 (2H, m); 2.90 (2H, s); 6.96 (1H, dd, J=4.5 & 9.0 Hz); 7.20(1H, 8 lines); 7.50 (1H, dd, J=3.3 & 8.4 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.62-2.56 (8H, m); 4.50 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, m); 7.07(1H, t, J=9.0 Hz); 7.46 (1H, dd, J=9.0 Hz); 8.29 (2H, b).

Resolution of the Racemate:

To a solution of (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-fluorospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](2.42 mmol, 500 mg), in isopropyl alcohol (12 ml) was added a solutionof R (−) mandelic acid (2.18 mmol, 333 mg) and stirred for 12-24 h atroom temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered, dried andneutralized with 2N NaOH to obtain (−)4-amino-3,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]amineas yellow oil (60 mg). HPLC purity: >98%, chiral purity >98%. To obtain(+) 4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-fluorospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane],the same process as above was followed using S (+) mandelic acid insteadof R (−) mandelic acid as the resolving agent.

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.96 (3H, m); 2.08-2.46 (5H, m); 5.00 (1H, m);6.84 (1H, dd, J=5.1 & 9.0 Hz); 7.00-7.10 (3H, m); 7.64 (1H, t, J=7.8Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.36 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.77 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr)(cm⁻¹): 3315, 2937, 1633, 1567, 1487, 1212; MS (M⁺+1): 379.2; ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆) for hydrochloride salt: 81.69-1.94 (3H, m); 2.09-2.48 (5H, m);5.01 (1H, m); 6.83 (1H, dd, J=4.8 & 8.7 Hz); 6.99-7.10 (2H, m); 7.62(1H, m); 7.93 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 8.10 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.65-8.72 (3H,m); 9.54-9.59 (1H, m); 9.78 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3280,2934, 2679, 1698, 1544, 1486, 1211, 813.

Example 43 (+)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

(−) 4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]was reacted with phenyl N-(5-isoquinolinyl)carbamate to form compound ofFormula 43.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.73-1.95 (3H, m); 2.08-2.46 (5H, m); 4.66 (1H, m);5.00 (1H, m); 6.84 (1H, dd, J=5.1 & 9.0 Hz); 7.00-7.10 (3H, m); 7.64(1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, 8.1 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.36(1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.77 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s);IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3367, 2934, 1642, 1552, 1489, 1211, 1169, 815; MS(M⁺+1): 379.2

Example 44 (−)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluorospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

(+) 4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]was reacted with phenyl N-(5-isoquinolinyl)carbamate to form compound ofFormula 44.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.73-1.95 (3H, m); 2.08-2.46 (5H, m); 4.66 (1H, m);5.01 (1H, m); 6.84 (1H, dd, J=5.1 & 9.0 Hz); 7.00-7.10 (3H, m); 7.64(1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.36(1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.77 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s);IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3350, 2933, 1644, 1552, 1488, 1256, 1212, 1034, 815; MS(M⁺+1): 379.2

Example 45 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.71-1.82 (2H, m); 2.04-2.21 (4H, m); 2.90 (2H, s);6.90 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 6.99-7.05 (2H, m); 9.40 (1H, s).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.63-2.56 (8H, m); 4.44 (1H, m); 6.62 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 6.72 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.97 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.82 (3H, b); 9.22(1H, s).

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.71-1.93 (3H, m); 2.08-2.44 (5H, m); 4.66 (1H, m);4.97 (1H, m); 6.54-6.64 (2H, m); 7.76 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d,J=6.3 Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 8.55 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.73 (1H, s);8.92 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s).

Example 46 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:7-Benzyloxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.66-1.79 (2H, m); 2.05-2.30 (4H, m); 2.88 (2H, s);3.34 (3H, s); 5.17 (2H, s); 6.64 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz); 6.69 (1H, dd, J=2.7& 9.0 Hz); 7.30-7.48 (5H, m); 7.65 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz).

Step II:7-Benzyloxy-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-7-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared by hydrogenation of7-Benzyloxy-3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]in presence of 10% Pd/C in methanol. The amine was isolated ashydrochloride salt.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-2.36 (8H, m); 4.45 (1H, m); 6.40 (1H, d, J=8.4Hz); 7.31-7.42 (2H, m); 8.50 (3H, b); 9.67 (1H, s).

Step V: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.92 (3H, m); 2.08-2.38 (5H, m); 4.66 (1H, m);4.90 (1H, m); 6.19 (1H, s); 6.36 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.92 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 7.07 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.62 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.75 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz); 7.93 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.55 (1H, d, J=6.0Hz); 8.68 (1H, s); 9.28 (1H, s); 9.38 (1H, s).

IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3304, 1622, 1563, 1109; MS (M⁺+1): 376.2

Example 47 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.66-1.76 (1H, m); 1.86-1.99 (1H, m); 2.12-2.21 (2H,m); 2.27-2.38 (2H, m); 2.85 (2H, s); 3.84 (3H, s); 6.42 (1H, d, J=2.4Hz); 6.56 (1H, dd, J=2.4 & 9.0 Hz); 7.80 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-7-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III:4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-2.36 (8H, m); 4.57 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 6.98 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.59 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz); 8.73 (3H, b).

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.94 (3H, m); 2.08-2.43 (5H, m); 4.94 (1H, m);6.39 (1H, s); 6.53 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 6.96 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.19 (1H,d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.63 (1H, t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.76 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H,d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.38 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.55 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.71 (1H,s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3314, 1631, 1563; MS (M⁺+1): 390.1

Example 481-(6,8-Difluoro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.71-1.87 (2H, m); 2.10-2.32 (4H, m); 3.08 (2H, s);7.30 (1H, m); 7.70 (1H, m).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-6,8-difluoro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.86 (2H, m); 1.97-2.25 (4H, m); 2.99 (2H, s);7.25-7.36 (2H, m); 11.71 (1H, s).

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6,8-difluorospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.62-2.56 (8H, m); 4.01 (1H, m); 6.73 (2H, m); 6.95(1H, d).

This compound was resolved by using both R (−) and S (+) mandelic acidin IPA as solvent. To a solution of6,8-difluoro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-amine (1mmol) in isopropyl alcohol at room temperature under stirring. Add asolution of R (−) mandelic acid in IPA slowly within 10 mins understirring, stir the reaction mass for 1-2 hrs at room temperature andfilter it to afford (−)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6,8-difluorospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]in 35-40% yield (w/w). Using S (+) mandelic acid the (+) enantiomer wasobtained similarly.

Step IV: (±)1-(6,8-Difluoro-3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.96 (3H, m); 2.08-2.46 (5H, m); 5.03 (1H, m);6.94 (1H, d, 9.0 Hz); 7.11 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.21 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz);7.60 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.33 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz);8.56 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.79 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹):3313, 2935, 1633, 1568, 1483, 1226; MS (M⁺+1): 397.1

Example 49 (±)1-(8-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep 1:8-Chloro-3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.64-1.79 (1H, m); 1.90-2.05 (1H, m); 2.15-2.26 (2H,m); 2.34-2.48 (2H, m); 2.94 (2H, s); 6.94 (1H, t, J=8.4 Hz); 7.56 (1H,dd, J=1.5 & 7.8 Hz); 7.79 (1H, dd, J=1.5 & 8.4 Hz).

Step II:8-Chloro-3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.86 (2H, m); 2.00-2.20 (4H, m); 2.99 (3H, s),6.94 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz), 7.44 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.70 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz);11.53 (1H, s).

Step III: (±)4-Amino-8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane].HCl

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.68-2.03 (4H, m); 2.23 (2H, brm); 2.39-2.62 (2H,m), 4.64 (1H, m); 7.00 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.44 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.55(1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.72 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(8-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.75-2.45 (8H, m); 5.06 (1H, m); 6.93 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz); 7.10 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.27 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.33 (1H, d, J=7.5Hz); 7.63 (1H, t, J=8.4 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0Hz); 8.37 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.57 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.78 (1H, s); 9.29(1H, m).

Example 50 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-7-fluoro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.64-1.80 (1H, m); 1.88-2.01 (1H, m); 2.13-2.23 (2H,m); 2.27-2.40 (2H, m); 2.89 (2H, s); 6.66-6.74 (2H, m); 7.84-7.89 (1H,dd, J=6.9 & 8.7 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-7-fluoro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.86 (2H, m); 1.97-2.19 (4H, m); 2.94 (2H, s);6.79 (2H, m); 7.75 (1H, t, J=8.8 Hz); 11.31 (1H, s).

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-7-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.63-2.06 (4H, m); 2.14-2.20 (2H, m); 2.29-2.39 (1H,m); 2.50-2.59 (1H, m); 4.55 (1H, m); 6.75 (1H, dd, J=8.1 Hz); 6.85 (1H,t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.68 (1H, m); 8.82 (3H, b).

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-7-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.98 (3H, m); 2.16-2.48 (5H, m); 4.99 (1H, m);6.68 (1H, dd, J=2.4 & 10.5 Hz); 6.78 (1H, t, J=2.7 & 8.4 Hz); 7.07 (1H,d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.33 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.66 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.80 (1H,d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.98 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.57 (1H,d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.79 (1H, s); 9.33 (1H, s).

The hydrochloride salt was prepared using ethyl acetate saturated withhydrochloric acid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) for hydrochloride salt: δ 1.70-1.99 (3H, m); 2.096-2.46(5H, m); 5.00 (1H, m); 6.67 (1H, dd, J=2.7 & 10.8 Hz); 6.76 (1H, t,J=2.7 & 8.7 Hz); 7.32 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.61 (1H, m); 7.94 (1H, t,J=7.8 Hz); 8.10 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.73 (3H, m); 9.61 (1H, m); 9.81 (1H,s).

Example 51 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](Example 12) (10 mmol) in dimethylformamide, iodomethane (12 mmol) andpotassium carbonate (12 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture wasstirred at rt for 12 h. Solvent was then evaporated and the residue wasdissolved in ethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with water, brineand separated. It was then dried on anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated toafford the desired product as oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.65-1.78 (1H, m); 1.86-1.99 (1H, m); 2.11-2.19 (2H,m); 2.25-2.36 (2H, m); 2.89 (2H, s); 3.80 (3H, s); 6.92 (1H, d, J=9.3Hz); 7.09 (1H, dd, J=3.0 & 9.3 Hz); 7.28 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-6-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III: (t)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-1.2.36 (8H, m); 4.57 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz); 6.98 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.26 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.59 (1H, d,J=7.5 Hz); 8.73 (3H, b).

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.71-1.94 (3H, m); 2.08-2.43 (5H, m); 4.97 (1H, m);6.74-6.84 (3H, m); 7.04 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.63 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.77(1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.36 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.55(1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.72 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3321,1629, 1561, 1489, 1217; MS (M⁺+1): 390.1.

Example 52 (±)1-(6-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:6-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](from example 12) (10 mmol) in DMF, cyclopentyl bromide (12 mmol) andK₂CO₃ (12 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C.for 12 h. Solvent was then evaporated and the residue was dissolved inethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with water, brine and separated.It was then dried on anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford thedesired product as oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.56-1.98 (10H, m); 2.1-2.21 (2H, m); 2.24-2.37 (2H,m); 2.87 (2H, s); 4.72 (1H, m); 6.89 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.05 (1H, ddJ=3.0 & 9.0 Hz); 7.26 (1H, d, J=3.0 Hz).

Step II:6-cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III: (±)4-Amino-6-cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR CDCl₃): δ 1.55-2.45 (16H, m); 4.17 (1H, m); 4.66 (1H, m); 6.71(2H, m); 7.01 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz).

Step IV: (±)1-(6-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared in the same manner from (±)4-Amino-6-cyclopentyloxy3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] as in step IV ofexample 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.50-1.93 (11H, m); 2.08-2.44 (5H, m); 4.66 (1H, m);4.97 (1H, m); 6.74-6.79 (3H, m); 7.21 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.64 (1H, t,J=8.1 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.35 (1H, d,J=7.8 Hz); 8.55 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.74 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr)(cm⁻¹): 3368, 1641, 1553, 1489, 1169; MS (M⁺+1):

Example 53 (±)1-(7-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:7-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] (10mmol) (from example 18) in DMF, cyclopentyl bromide (12 mmol) and K₂CO₃(12 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 12h. Solvent was then evaporated and the residue was dissolved in ethylacetate. Organic layer was washed with water, brine and separated. Itwas then dried on anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford thedesired product as oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.54-2.02 (10H, m); 2.04-2.28 (4H, m); 2.87 (2H, s);4.90 (1H, m); 6.50 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz); 6.57 (1H, dd, J=2.4 & 8.7 Hz);7.63 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz).

Step II:7-cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III: (±)4-Amino-7-cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.55-2.56 (16H, m); 4.47 (1H, m), 4.78 (1H, m); 6.33(1H, d, J=2.7 Hz); 6.51 (1H, dd, J=8.7 Hz); 7.50 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 8.73(3H, b).

Step IV: (±)1-(7-Cyclopentyloxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.50-1.93 (11H, m); 2.08-2.44 (5H, m); 4.77 (1H, m);4.94 (1H, m); 6.32 (1H, s); 6.48 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.96 (1H, d, J=6.9Hz); 7.16 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.62 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.75 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz); 7.92 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz); 8.38 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.55 (1H, d, J=5.7Hz); 8.69 (1H, s); 9.28 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3318, 2955, 1632,1563, 1498; MS (M⁺+1): 445.2

Example 54 (±)1-(7-Difluoromethoxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea.Hydrochloride Step I:7-Difluoromethoxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](from example 18) (10 mmol) in DMF (2.5 ml), K₂CO₃ was added and thereaction mixture was heated at 85° C. for 2 h. Chlorodifluoromethane gaswas then bubbled in the reaction at the same temperature for 2 h.Reaction mixture was cooled to rt and quenched with cold water. Compoundwas then extracted in ethyl acetate. Organic layer was then separated,dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum. Crudecompound thus obtained was purified by column chromatography to affordthe desired product. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.87 (2H, m); 2.02-2.30(4H, m); 3.00 (2H, s); 7.13 (1H, d, J=9.3 Hz); 7.20 (1H, t, J=74.1 Hz);7.40-8.45 (2H, m).

Step II:7-difluoromethoxy-3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III: (±)4-Amino-7-difluoromethoxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-2.56 (8H, m); 4.57 (1H, m); 6.68 (1H, s); 6.83(1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.27 (1H, t, J=72 Hz); 7.66 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.75(3H, b).

Step IV: (±)1-(7-Difluoromethoxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea.hydrochloride

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-2.02 (3H, m); 2.10-2.48 (5H, m); 5.02 (1H, m);6.62 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 6.74 (1H, dd, J=2.1 & 8.4 Hz); 7.23 (1H, t,J=74.1 Hz); 7.35 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.55-7.75 (1H, m); 7.93 (1H, t,J=7.8 Hz); 8.11 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.68-8.75 (3H, m); 9.55-9.75 (1H, m);9.81 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3399, 3041, 2990, 1698, 1544, 1121; MS(M⁺+1):

Example 55 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methylaminosulfonyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-6-methylaminosulfonyl-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

A mixture of 3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](from example 3) (10 mmol) and chlorosulfonic acid was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. It was then quenched with ice followed by water andthe chlorosulfonyl derivative was extracted in chloroform. Organic layerwas separated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated undervacuum. The residue was again dissolved in chloroform and treated withaq. solution of methyl amine at −50° C. and stirred for 2 h. Thereaction mixture was then diluted with chloroform and washed with water.Organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under vacuum. The crude product was then purified by columnchromatography to afford pure3,4-Dihydro-6-methylaminosulfonyl-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane].

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.92 (2H, m); 2.10-2.34 (4H, m); 2.40 (3H, d,J=5.1 Hz); 3.09 (2H, s); 7.28 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.52 (1H, m); 7.91 (1H,dd, J=2.4 & 9.0 Hz); 8.09 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-6-methylaminosulfonyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.71-1.85 (2H, m); 2.00-2.06 (2H, m); 2.12-2.29 (2H,m); 2.38 (3H, d); 3.00 (2H, s); 4.57 (1H, m); 7.08 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz);7.40 (1H, m); 7.62 (1H, dd, J=8.4 Hz); 8.13 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 11.59(1H, s).

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6-methylaminosulfonyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-methylaminosulfonyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-2.02 (3H, m); 2.10-2.30 (3H, m); 2.34-2.48 (5H,m); 5.07 (1H, m); 7.00 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.14 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.35(1H, q, J=4.8 Hz); 7.57 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.64 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.75(1H, s); 7.79 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.93 (1H; d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.32 (1H, d,J=7.5 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.83 (1H, s); 9.30 (1H, s).

Example 56 (±)1-(7-Difluoromethoxy-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.97 (3H, m); 2.10-2.46 (5H, m); 2.65 (3H, s);4.99 (1H, m); 6.64 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz); 6.76 (1H, dd, J=2.1 & 8.4 Hz);7.02 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.23 (1H, t, J=74.1 Hz); 7.34 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz);7.50 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.55 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.72 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz);7.75 (1H, s); 8.32 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.65 (1H, s); 9.19 (1H, s).

Example 57 (±)1-(7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.96 (3H, m); 2.11-2.48 (5H, m); 2.66 (3H, s);4.99 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.08 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.21 (1H,dd, J=2.7 & 8.7 Hz); 7.30 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 7.54 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz);7.73 (3H, m); 8.28 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.68 (1H, s); 9.20 (1H, s).

Example 58 (±)1-(8-Cyano-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.76-2.08 (3H, m); 2.18-2.48 (5H, m); 5.05 (1H, m);7.08 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.11 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.64 (2H, m); 7.78 (1H,d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.34 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.56 (1H,d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.81 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s).

Example 59 (+)1-(6,8-Difluoro-3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared from (−)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6,8-difluorospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]as described in step IV of example 1.

[α]²⁵=+61.18 (c=1, methanol)

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.74-2.00 (3H, m); 2.16-2.37 (5H, m); 5.02 (1H, m);6.96 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.11 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.20 (1H, t, J=9 Hz);7.63 (1H, t, J=7.2 & 8.1 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=5.7Hz); 8.33 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.51 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.79 (1H, s); 9.29(1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3313, 2395, 1633, 1483, 1226.

Example 60 (−)1-(6,8-Difluoro-3,4-Dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared from (+)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-6,8-difluorospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]as described in step IV of example 1.

[α]²¹=−71.37 (c=1, methanol)

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.74-2.03 (3H, m); 2.16-2.37 (5H, m); 5.01 (1H, m);6.97 (1H, d, J=−8.7 Hz); 7.12 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.21 (1H, t, J=9 Hz);7.63 (1H, t, J=7.2 & 8.1 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H, d, J=5.7Hz); 8.33 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.79 (1H, s); 9.29(1H, s).

Example 61 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-8-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.60-2.40 (8H, m); 5.62 (1H, m); 6.91 (1H, t, J=7.5Hz); 7.13 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.39 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); MS (M⁺−1): 203.34

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-8-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.60-2.40 (8H, m); 3.09 (2H, brs); 6.83 (1H, t, J=8.1Hz); 6.93 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz); 7.22-7.38 (1H, m); MS (M⁺+1): 220.26

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]hydrochloride

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.60-2.40 (8H, m); 4.32 (2H, brs); 6.64-6.80 (2H,m); 7.06 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 9.04 (1H, m); MS (M⁺+1): 205.69

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-8-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.94 (3H, m); 2.10-2.48 (5H, m); 4.95-5.05 (1H,m); 6.66-6.80 (3H, m); 7.00 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.60-7.80 (3H, m); 7.94(1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.72(1H, s); 8.84 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s). IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3317, 1627, 1565,1470, 1224; MS (M⁺−1): 374.21; M.P. 246-247° C.

Example 62 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-8-difluoromethoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-8-difluoromethoxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared by difluoromethoxylation of3,4-Dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]using chlorodifluoromethane gas in the presence of, potassium carbonatein DMF at 30-80° C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.66-2.04 (2H, m); 2.14-2.26 (2H, m); 2.32-2.44 (2H,m); 2.94 (2H, s); 6.22 (1H, t, J=74.4 Hz); 6.97 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.38(1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.75 (1H, dd J=1.5 Hz & J=7.5 Hz); MS (M⁺−1): 253.36

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxyimino-8-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.70-2.38 (8H, m); 3.07 (2H, brs); 6.60 (1H, t, J=74.7Hz); 6.89 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.16 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.69 (1H, d, J=6.9Hz); MS (M⁺−1): 268.23

Step III: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-8-difluoromethoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]hydrochloride

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.60-2.64 (8H, m); 4.52-4.66 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d,J=7.8 Hz); 6.98 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 7.25 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.64 (1H, d,J=6.9 Hz); 8.85 (2H, m).

MS (M⁺+1): 255.72

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-8-difluoromethoxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-2.08 (3H, m); 2.10-2.57 (5H, m); 5.03 (1H, m);6.82 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.88-6.98 (1H, m); 7.02-7.10 (1H, m); 7.18 (1H,t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.31 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 7.64 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.77 (1H,d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.39 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.56 (1H,d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.73 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3323, 1630,1563, 1235, 754; MS (M⁺+1): 426.25

Example 63 (±)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:6-Chloro-3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared in the same manner from5′-chloro-2′-hydroxyacetophenone as in step 1 of example 3.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.64-1.80 (1H, m); 1.86-2.02 (1H, m); 2.10-2.22 (2H,m); 2.26-2.40 (2H, m); 2.90 (2H, s); 6.94 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.41 (1H,dd, J=3.0 & 8.7 Hz); 7.81 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz).

Step II:6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

Sodium borohydride (40 mmol) was added to a solution of6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] (10mmol) in methanol (10 ml). at about 0° C. and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for about 2 h and compound was extracted inethyl acetate. Organic layer was washed with water, brine and separated.It was then dried on anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to affordthe desired product as a white solid.

Step III:4-Acetamido-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

A solution of6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](10 mmol) in acetonitrile (30-50 ml) was added to a solution ofconcentrated sulfuric acid (30 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 ml), at 0 to−10° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for about 2 hrs and was allowedto warm up, to room temperature. It was then added on ice. Thecorresponding acetamido derivative was separated out as a white solidwhich was filtered, washed with water and dried.

Step IV: (±)4-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

4-Acetamido-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](1.0 gm) was hydrolyzed using refluxing concentrated hydrochloric acid(10 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate andbasified with 40% sodium hydroxide. The organic layer was separated,washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentratedto get the product as a oil which was converted to its hydrochloridesalt.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.63-2.56 (8H, m); 4.58 (1H, m); 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.7Hz); 7.30 (1H, dd, J=8.7 Hz); 7.71 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz); 8.69 (3H, b).

To a solution of (±)4-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](200 mg) in isopropyl alcohol (10 ml) was added a solution of R (−)mandelic acid (131 mg) in isopropyl alcohol (5 ml) at room temperatureand the clear solution was stirred for 12-24 h. The precipitated saltwas filtered, dried and reneutralized with 2N sodium hydroxide to obtain(+) 4-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane](60 mg) with >98% ee.

Step V: (±)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared by treatment of (±)4-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]with phenyl N-(isoquinolin-5-yl)carbamate as described in step IV ofexample 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.97 (3H, m); 2.15-2.54 (5H, m); 5.10 (1H, m);6.86 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.10 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.23 (1H, dd, J=2.4 &8.7 Hz); 7.31 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 7.65 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.79 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz); 7.95 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.35 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.57 (1H, d,J=5.7 Hz); 8.78 (1H, s); 9.30 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3315, 1633,1567, 1473, 1265; MS (M⁺+1): 394.2

Example 64 (−)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared by treatment of (−)4-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]with phenyl N-(isoquinolin-5-yl)carbamate as described in step IV ofexample 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.97 (3H, m); 2.15-2.54 (5H, m); 5.01 (1H, m);6.86 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.10 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.23 (1H, dd, J=2.4 &8.7 Hz); 7.30 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 7.65 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.79 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz); 7.95 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.35 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.57 (1H, d,J=5.7 Hz); 8.78 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3367, 2934,1642, 1551, 1474, 1263, 1232; MS (M⁺+1): 394.2

Examples 65 to 75 were synthesized by following the procedure asdescribed in Example 63

Example 65 (±)1-(6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:6-Bromo-3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.67-1.79 (1H, m); 1.88-1.99 (1H, m); 2.10-2.21 (2H,m); 2.27-2.38 (2H, m); 2.89 (2H, s); 6.89 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.55 (1H,dd, J=2.4 & 8.7 Hz); 7.96 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz).

Step II:6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III:4-Acetamido-6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-1.83 (3H, m); 1.93 (3H, s); 2.05-2.16 (3H, m);2.25-2.52 (2H, m); 5.05 (1H, m); 6.75 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.18 (1H, d,J=2.1 Hz); 7.30 (1H, dd, J=8.4 Hz); 8.37 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz).

Step IV: (±)4-Amino-6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-2.80 (8H, m); 4.60 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz); 7.40 (1H, dd, J=8.1 Hz); 7.83 (1H, brs); 8.73 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.96 (3H, m); 2.08-2.46 (5H, m); 5.00 (1H, m);6.80 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.09 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.33 (1H, dd, J=2.1 &8.4 Hz); 7.42 (1H, s); 7.64 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz);7.94 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.34 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz);8.77 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3307, 2935, 1632, 1562,1472, 1234.

Example 66 (±)1-(6,8-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:6,8-Dichloro-3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step II:6,8-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III:4-Acetamido-6,8-dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.77-2.36 (11H, m); 5.05 (1H, m); 7.06 (1H, s); 7.49(1H, s); 8.39 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz).

Step IV: (d)4-Amino-6,8-dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.62-2.66 (8H, m); 4.62 (1H, m); 7.58 (1H, s); 7.90(1H, s); 9.16 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(6,8-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-2.46 (8H, m); 5.08 (1H, m); 7.18 (1H, d, J=8.7Hz); 7.35 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz); 7.57 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 7.71 (1H, t, J=7.8Hz); 7.86 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.00 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.38 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz); 8.63 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.89 (1H, s); 9.36 (1H, s).

Example 67 (±)1-(6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-7-methylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.64-1.79 (1H, m); 1.84-1.99 (1H, m); 2.10-2.22 (2H,m); 2.24-2.36 (2H, m); 2.37 (3H, s); 2.87 (2H, s); 6.88 (1H, s); 7.98(1H, s).

Step II:6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III:4-Acetamido-6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step IV: (±)4-Amino-6-bromo-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-2.56 (11H, m); 4.55 (1H, m); 6.88 (1H, s); 7.83(1H, d); 8.73 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(6-Bromo-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-2.00 (3H, m); 2.10-2.50 (8H, m); 4.97 (1H, m);6.85 (1H, s); 7.05 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.42 (1H, s); 7.63 (1H, t, J=7.8Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.33 (1H, d, J=7.8Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=5 Hz); 8.76 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s).

Example 68 (±)1-(6,7-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:6,7-Dichloro-3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.64-1.80 (1H, m); 1.88-2.03 (1H, m); 2.10-2.22 (2H,m); 2.26-2.40 (2H, m); 2.89 (2H, s); 7.14 (1H, s); 7.90 (1H, s).

Step II:6,7-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III:4-Acetamido-6,7-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step IV: (±)4-Amino-6,7-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.67-2.36 (8H, m); 4.60 (1H, m); 7.2 (1H, s); 7.9(1H, s); 8.73 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(6,7-Dichloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-2.00 (3H, m); 2.10-2.50 (5H, m); 4.98 (1H, m);7.11 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.13 (1H, s); 7.48 (1H, s); 7.64 (1H, t, J=7.8Hz); 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.33 (1H, d, J=7.2Hz); 8.57 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.81 (1H, s); 9.30 (1H, s).

Example 69 (±)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-34isoquinolin-5-yl)urea Step I:6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.66-1.79 (1H, m); 1.84-1.99 (1H, m); 2.10-2.21 (2H,m); 2.24-2.40 (2H, m); 2.37 (3H, s); 2.87 (2H, s); 6.87 (1H, s); 7.80(1H, s).

Step II:6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step III:4-Acetamido-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]Step IV: (±)4-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-methyl-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.57-2.56 (11H, m); 4.48 (1H, m); 6.89 (1H, s); 7.63(1H, s); 8.58 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-methylspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.93 (3H, m); 2.09-2.46 (5H, m); 2.25 (3H, s);4.99 (1H, m); 6.84 (1H, s); 7.05 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.27 (1H, s); 7.64(1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.35(1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.76 (1H, s); 9.30 (1H, s);IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹); (M⁺+1):

Example 70 (±)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(8-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.99 (3H, m); 2.096-2.46 (5H, m); 4.98 (1H, m);6.85 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.14 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.22 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz);7.29 (1H, s); 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.02 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.36 (1H,d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.71 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.89 (1H, s); 9.53 (1H, s); IR(KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3304, 3069, 2983, 2938, 1634, 1567, 1475, 1372, 1312,1265, 1233, 830; MS (M⁺+1): 428.3

Example 71 (±)1-(6-Fluoro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(8-chloroisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-1.99 (3H, m); 2.10-2.46 (5H, m); 4.98 (1H, m);6.84 (1H, m); 7.14 (3H, m); 7.89 (1H, d); 8.02 (1H, d); 8.33 (1H, d);8.70 (1H, d); 8.87 (1H, s); 9.53 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3330, 2990,2935, 1643, 1567, 1486, 1370, 1311, 1256, 1211, 827, 814; MS (M⁺+1):412.1

Example 72 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.94 (3H, m); 2.10-2.48 (5H, m); 2.68 (3H, s);5.03 (1H, m); 6.83 (1H, dd, J=4.8 & 8.7 Hz); 6.99-7.12 (3H, m); 7.54(1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.2-7.75 (2H, m); 8.27 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.68 (1H,s); 9.19 (1H, s).

IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹); MS (M⁺+1): 392.2

Example 73 (±)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(3-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.69-1.95 (3H, m); 2.13-2.46 (5H, m); 2.66 (3H, s);4.99 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.08 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.21 (1H,dd, J=2.4 & 8.7 Hz); 7.30 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 7.54 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz);7.73 (2H, m); 8.29 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 8.68 (1H, s); 9.19 (1H, s); IR(KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3305, 1634, 1563, 1474, 1234; MS (M⁺+1): 408.2

Example 74 (±)1-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.95 (3H, m); 2.13-2.46 (5H, m); 2.89 (3H, s);4.99 (1H, m); 6.85 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 7.09 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.21 (1H,dd, J=2.4 & 9.0 Hz); 7.29 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 7.62 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz);7.79 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 7.87 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 8.31 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz);8.39 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz); 8.72 (1H, s).

IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3427, 3306, 1633, 1546, 1473, 1264, 1236; MS (M⁺+1):408.2

Example 75 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-fluoro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(1-methylisoquinolin-5-yl)urea

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.94 (3H, m); 2.10-2.48 (5H, m); 2.88 (3H, s);5.00 (1H, m); 6.83 (1H, dd, J=4.8 & 7.8 Hz); 7.00-7.12 (3H, m); 7.61(1H, t, J=7.5 Hz); 7.81 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 7.86 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.32(1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.38 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.73 (1H, s); IR (KBr)(cm⁻¹); MS (M⁺+1): 392.2

Example 76 (±)1-(7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:7-Chloro-3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.59-1.76 (1H, m); 1.86-1.99 (1H, m); 2.13-2.21 (2H,m); 2.23-2.40 (2H, m); 2.89 (2H, s); 6.95-7.01 (2H, m); 7.79 (1H, d,J=8.4 Hz).

Step II:7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared in the same manner from7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] as instep II of example 8.

Step III:4-Acetamido-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared in the same manner from7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]as in step III of example 6.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.67-2.45 (11H, m); 5.25 (1H, m); 5.63 (1H, m); 6.84(2H, m); 7.10 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz).

Step IV: (±)4-Amino-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared in the same manner from4-Acetamido-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]as in step IV of example 8. Isolated as hydrochloride salt.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.60-2.62 (8H, m); 4.51 (1H, m); 6.90 (1H, d, J=2.1Hz); 7.02 (1H, dd, J=8.1 Hz); 7.77 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 9.05 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(7-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared by treatment of (±)4-Amino-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]with phenyl N-(isoquinolin-5-yl)carbamate as described in step IV ofexample 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.73-1.99 (3H, m); 2.15-2.54 (5H, m); 4.99 (1H, m);6.89 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz); 6.98 (1H, dd, J=8.1 & 2.1 Hz); 7.05 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz); 7.31 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.63 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.77 (1H, d,J=8.1 Hz); 7.93 (1H, d, J=6.3 Hz); 8.35 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d,J=6.3 Hz); 8.77 (1H, s); 9.29 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3327, 1622,1564, 1236; MS (M⁺+1): 394.2

Example 77 (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] (Example 3)(10 mmol) in glacial acetic acid (2 ml), conc. H₂SO₄ (10 mmol) was addedat 0° C. and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. A chilled nitratingmixture [prepared from HNO3 (9 mmol) and Conc. H₂SO₄ (10 mmol)] was thenadded very slowly and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up toroom temperature and stirred for 5 h. reaction mixture was then quenchedwith water and the compound was extracted in dichloromethane. Organiclayer was separated, dried on anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated undervacuum. The crude product was then purified by column chromatography toafford the desired compound as a yellow solid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.70-1.85 (1H, m); 1.92-2.06 (1H, m); 2.17-2.28 (2H,m); 2.33-2.48 (2H, m); 2.99 (2H, s); 7.12 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 8.34 (1H,dd, J=3.0 & 9.0 Hz); 8.75 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz).

Step II:3,4-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared in the same manner from3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] as inthe step II of example 6.

Step III:4-Acetamido-3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared in the same manner from6-nitro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] asin step III of example 6.

Step IV:4-Amino-3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

This compound was prepared in the same manner from6-nitro-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] asin step III of example 6. Isolated as hydrochloride

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.65-1.74 (1H, m), 1.80-2.34 (5H, m); 2.37-2.66 (2H,m); 4.71 (1H, m); 7.10 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz); 8.16 (1H, dd, J=9.0 Hz); 8.63(1H, d, J=2.4 Hz); 8.85 (3H, b).

Step V: (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared in the same manner from (±)4-Amino-3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] asin step IV of example 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.76-2.08 (3H, m); 2.08-2.48 (5H, m); 5.08 (1H, m);7.05 (1H, d, J=8.7 Hz); 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.66 (1H, t, J=7.5 Hz);7.82 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.96 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.09 (1H, dd, J=2.7 &6.0 Hz); 8.21 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz); 8.30 (1H, d, 7.5 Hz); 8.57 (1H, d,J=6.3 Hz); 8.89 (1H, s); 9.31 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3300, 1638,1580, 1514, 1338, 1321, 1260, 1242, 1101, 751; MS (M⁺+1):

Example 78 (±)1-(6-Acetamido-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was synthesized by acetylation of1-(6-Amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea(example 39) using acetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine in THF.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.72-1.89 (3H, m); 1.96 (1H, s); 2.00-2.45 (5H, m);5.01 (1H, s); 6.73 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 6.99 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.43 (2H,m); 7.65 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.97 (1H, d, J=6.0Hz); 8.42 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz); 8.57 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz); 8.76 (1H, s); 9.31(1H, s); 9.80 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3293, 1657, 1548, 1492, 1221; MS(M⁺+1): 417.1

Example 79(±)1-(6-Amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was synthesized by reduction of (±)1-(3,4-Dihydro-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea(example 22) using 10% Pd/C at a hydrogen pressure of 40 psi inmethanol.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.68-1.87 (3H, m); 2.00-2.40 (5H, m); 4.67 (2H, bs); 4.91 (1H, m); 6.42 (1H, m); 6.52 (2H, m); 6.99 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz);7.63 (1H, m); 7.75 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 7.94 (1H, d, J=5.7 Hz); 8.42 (1H,d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.55 (1H, m); 8.71 (1H, s); 9.28 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹):3348, 3277, 1645, 1548, 1218; (M⁺+1): 375.1

Example 80N′-isoquinolin-5-yl-N-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea(N′-isoquinolin-5-yl-N-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea)

A solution of 5-amino isoquinoline (1 mmol), 1,1-thiocarbonyldiimidazole(1.25 mmol) and triethyl amine (1.0 mmol) in THF was stirred at roomtemperature for 45 minutes and was added4-amino-3,4-dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] (1 mmol). Fewdrops of water were added in the reaction mixture. Product precipitatedout, was filtered and washed with water. It was then purified by columnchromatography to afford the desired thiourea as white solid, m.p.187-188° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.94 (3H, m); 2.02-2.46 (5H, m); 5.84 (1H, m);6.75 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 6.88 (1H, m); 7.12 (1H, m); 7.23 (1H, m); 7.69(1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.78 (1H, d, J=5.4 Hz); 7.84 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 8.05(1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.17 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.58 (1H, d, J=5.4 Hz); 9.34(1H, s) 9.81 (1H, s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3212, 1547, 1231, 757; MS (M⁺+1):376.24

Example 81 (±)1-(3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I: 1-Phenylthiocyclobutane-1-acetic acid

A solution of thiophenol (70 mmol) in THF (10 ml) was refluxed for 1 hin the presence of K₂CO₃ (70 mmol) as a base. A solution ofCyclobutylidene acetic acid (intermediate 1) (35 mmol) in DMF (1.0 ml)was added to the above reaction. The reaction was monitored by TLC forcompletion. After 3 days the reaction was cooled and filtered. It wasthen neutralized with ethyl acetate saturated with hydrochloric acid andthe compound was extracted with ethyl acetate. Organic layer was thenseparated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum.The residue was column purified to give the compound as a yellow solid.

Step II: 3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

A solution of 1-Phenylthiocyclobutane-1-acetic acid (10 mmol) in benzenewas treated with excess of PCl₅ at room temperature for 15 h. Thereaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was againdissolved in benzene. AlCl₃ was then added to the solution and it wasstirred for 24 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was dilutedwith excess of ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine. Organiclayer was then separated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography toafford the desired compound as oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.00-2.30 (6H, m); 3.11 (2H, s); 7.16 (1H, t, J=7.8Hz); 7.24 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 7.41 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz); 8.06 (1H, d, J=8.1Hz).

Step III: (±)4-amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

To a solution of3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] (4.8 mmol,100 mg) in methanol (10 ml) was added ammonium acetate (4.8 mmol, 377mg) and sodiumcyanoborohydride (3.4 mmol, 215 mg) and the reaction wasrefluxed for 10-12 h. Reaction was cooled and acidified with 6N HCl andstirred for 3-6 h. Reaction was quenched with 2N sodium hydroxide,extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extract was concentrated andthe residue was treated with ethyl acetate saturated with hydrochloricacid to obtain the amine hydrochloride (60 mg).

Step IV: (±)1-(3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared from (±)4-amino-3,4-dihydro-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] as instep IV of example 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.96-2.46 (8H, m); 4.94 (1H, m); 7.07- (1H, dd,J=2.7 & 10.8 Hz); 6.76 (1H, dt, J=2.7 & 8.7 Hz); 7.32 (1H, d, J=7.2 Hz);7.61 (1H, m); 7.94 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 8.10 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 8.73 (3H,m); 9.61 (1H, m); 9.81 (1H, s).

The compounds in example 26 to example 35 were synthesized by theprocess described in step IV of example 1 using the appropriatelysubstituted (±) 4-Amino-3,4-dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] and the phenyl carbamate ofappropriately substituted 5-aminoisoquinoline.

Example 82(±)1-(1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[-2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)ureaStep I:3,4-Dihydro-1,1,4-trioxo-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]

3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] (from stepII of example 25) was oxidized to the sulfoxide using m-CPBA (2.0 eq) inacetonitrile. Quenching with excess water and extraction with ethylacetate provided the product which was purified by column chromatographyusing 7% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to give the sulfoxide as whitesolid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 2.02-2.25 (4H, m); 2.86 (2H, m); 3.55 (2H, bs);7.72 (1H, m); 7.82 (1H, m); 8.01 (2H, m); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3348, 3277,1645, 1548, 1218; MS (M⁺+1): 375.1

Step II: (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]hydrochloride

This compound was synthesized from above3,4-Dihydro-1,1,4-trioxo-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane] bythe process described in step III of example 25. Isolated as ahydrochloride.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.03-2.14 (3H, m); 2.35-2.42 (2H, m); 2.60-2.73 (2H,m); 2.94-3.00 (1H, m); 4.88 (1H, m); 7.67 (1H, t, J=8.1 Hz); 7.70 (1H,t, J=7.2 Hz); 7.95 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz); 9.06 (3H, bs).

Step 3: (±)1-(1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-spiro[-2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]-4-yl)-3-(isoquinolin-5-yl)urea

This compound was prepared in the same manner from above (±)4-Amino-3,4-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-spiro[2H-1-benzothiopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane]and phenyl carbamate of 5-aminoisoquinoline as in step IV of example 1.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.08-2.42 (4H, m); 2.58-2.85 (4H, m); 5.25 (1H, m);7.33 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 7.56-7.69 (4H, m); 7.81 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz);7.87-7.94 (2H, m); 8.33 (1H, d, J=6.9 Hz); 8.56 (1H, d, J=5.8 Hz); 8.76(1H, s); 9.32 (1H, s).

Example 83N′-isoquinolin-8-yl-N-3,3′,4,4′-tetrahydro-2′H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea(N′-isoquinolin-8-yl-N-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[chromene-2,1′-cyclobutan]-4-ylthiourea)

This compound was prepared by the same method as described in theexample III from 8-amino isoquinoline, 1,1-thiocarbonyldiimidazole and4-amino-3,4-dihydrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,1′-cyclobutane, m.p. 187-188°C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.70-1.94 (3H, m); 2.02-2.50 (5H, m); 5.85 (1H, m);6.76 (1H, d, J=7.8 Hz); 6.88 (1H, m); 7.10-7.18 (1H, m); 7.20-7.28 (1H,m); 7.67 (1H, t, J=6.6 Hz); 7.78 (1H, t, J=7.8 Hz); 7.82-7.95 (2H, m);8.29 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz); 8.53 (1H, d, J=5.1 Hz); 9.33 (1H, s) 9.95 (1H,s); IR (KBr) (cm⁻¹): 3437, 3191, 2931, 1625, 1547, 1231

MS (M⁺+1): 376.29

Example 84 Screening for TRPV1 Antagonist Using the ⁴⁵Calcium UptakeAssay

The inhibition of TRPV1 receptor activation was followed as inhibitionof capsaicin induced cellular uptake of radioactive calcium whichrepresents calcium influx exclusively through the plasma membraneassociated TRPV1 receptor.

Materials:

Stock solution of capsaicin was made in ethanol and test compounds in100% DMSO. Stock solutions were diluted to appropriate finalconcentrations in assay buffer keeping the final DMSO concentrationbetween 0.1% and 0.55%.

⁴⁵Ca was used at a final concentration of 2.5 μCi/ml (⁴⁵Ca, ICN).

Assay buffer was composed of F-12 DMEM medium supplemented with 1.8 mMCaCl₂ (final conc.) and 0.1% Bovine serum albumin. (BSA from SIGMA)

Wash buffer was tyrodes solution supplemented with 0.1% BSA and 1.8 mMcalcium. Lysis buffer contained 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 1%Triton X-100, 0.5% deoxycholate and 0.1% Sodium dodicyl sulphate(SDS,SIGMA)

Method:

Assay was carried out with some modifications the of procedure asdescribed by Toth et. al. (See Toth A et. al., Life Sciences 73 p487-498, 2003). Human TRPV1 expressing CHO cells were grown in F-12 DMEM(Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium—GIBCO) medium with 10% FBS (fetalbovine serum Hyclone), 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution, 400 μg/ml ofG-418. Cells were seeded 48 h prior to the assay in 96 well plates so asto get ˜50,000 cells per well on the day of experiment. Plates wereincubated at 37° C. in the presence of 5% CO₂. Cells were then washedtwice with 200 μl of assay buffer and re-suspended in 144 μl of thesame. Assay was carried out at 30° C. in total volume of 200 μl. Testcompounds were added to the cells fifteen minutes before addition ofcapsaicin, Final concentration of capsaicin in the assay was 250 nM.After 5 minutes of agonist treatment, drug was washed out and wellsrinsed with 300 μl of ice cold wash buffer 3×. The cells were lysed in50 μl lysis buffer for 20 min. 40 μl of cell lysate was mixed with 150μl of Microscint PS, left overnight for equilibration. Radioactivity insamples was measured as counts per minute (cpm) using PackardBiosciences Top Count. The drug/vehicle/capsaicin treated ⁴⁵Ca uptakevalues were normalized over basal ⁴⁵Ca value. Data was expressed as %inhibition of ⁴⁵Ca uptake by test compound with respect to maximum ⁴⁵Cauptake induced by capsaicin alone. IC₅₀ value was calculated from doseresponse curve by nonlinear regression analysis using GraphPadPRISMsoftware.

Compounds described herein exhibited IC₅₀ in the calcium uptake assaymethod in low nM to high nM. For example, compounds described hereinexhibited IC₅₀ between about 797 nM to about 2.89 nM, or between about304 nM to about 2.89 nM, or even between about 103 nM to about 2.89 nM.Compounds described herein exhibited IC₅₀ between about 585 nM to about0.21 nM, between about 123 nM to about 0.21 nM, or even between about29.93 nM to about 0.21 nM. Further, compounds described herein exhibitedIC₅₀ between about 1259 nM to about 5.2 nM, between about 307 nM toabout 5.2 nM, or even between about 23 nM to about 5.2 nM.

The results of these experiments are shown in the table below.

Example No. % inhibition of ⁴⁵Ca uptake at 1 μM IC₅₀ nM 1 142.29 — 296.12 170.8 3 100 2.89 4 >50% 7.8 5 >50% 304 6 >50% 339 7 >50% 1838 >50% 551 9 >50% 103 10 >50% 104 11 <50% — 12 <50% — 13 >50% 147 14<50% — 15 <50% — 16 >50% 797 17 <50% — 18 <50% — 19 <50% — 20 <50% — 21<50% — 22 <50% — 23 <50% — 24 <50% — 25 <50% — 26 19.84 — 27 46.89 — 28<50% — 29 <50% — 30 <50% — 31 <50% — 32 <50% — 33 10.53 — 34 15.62 — 358.82 — 36 4.04 — 37 0.00 — 38 10.88 — 39 0.00 — 40 >50% 123 41 >50% 0.4842 >50% 11.95 43 >50% 5.2 44 <50% — 45 <50% — 46 <50% — 47 >50% 0.2148 >50% 16.1 49 >50% 29.93 50 >50% 7.8 51 >50% 585 52 <50% — 53 >50%15.8 54 >50% 2.23 55 <50% — 56 >50% 14.4 57 >50% 442 58 <50% — 59 >50%7.59 60 <50% — 61 >50% 775 62 <50% — 63 >50% 307 64 <50% — 65 >50% 40466 >50% 462 67 >50% 447 68 >50% 222 69 >50% 45 70 <50% — 71 >50% 59172 >50% 469 73 >50% 1259 74 >50% 917 75 >50% 23 76 <50% — 77 >50% 463 78<50% — 79 <50% — 80 >50% 49 81 >50% 5.2 82 >50% 224 83 <50% —

Although the invention herein has been described with reference toparticular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodimentsare merely illustrative of the principles and applications of thepresent invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerousmodifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that otherarrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scopeof the present invention as described above.

All publications, patents, and patent applications cited in thisapplication are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent asif each individual publication, patent, or patent application wasspecifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein byreference.

1. A compound of the formula:

a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof, or atautomer thereof, wherein X and Y are independently O, S(O)_(m), orNR^(e); R¹ and R² are joined together to form an optionally substituted3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which mayoptionally include one or more heteroatoms selected from O, NR⁹ orS(O)_(m); R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, cyano, halogen, —OR⁹,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR⁹R¹⁰, or R³ and R⁴ togetherform an oxo group; R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, nitro,cyano, halogen, —OR⁹, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰; and R⁸ is hydrogen, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰; or each occurrence of R⁹ and R¹⁰ maybe the same or different and is independently hydrogen, —OR^(a),—SR^(a), substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), —C(=L)-R^(a), —C(O)O—R^(a),—C(O)NR^(a)R^(b), —S(O)_(m)—R^(a) or —S(O)_(m)—NR^(a)R^(b), or R⁹ andR¹⁰ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached arejoined together to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7 memberedsaturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionally include atleast two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S; each occurrence ofR^(a) and R^(b) independently is hydrogen, —OR^(c), —SR^(c), substitutedor unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —C(=L)-R^(c), —C(O)O—R^(c), —C(O)NR^(c)R^(d),—S(O)_(m)—R^(c), —S(O)_(m)—NR^(c)R^(d), —NR^(c)R^(d), or a protectinggroup, or R^(a) and R^(b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are attached are joined to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionallyinclude at least two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S; eachoccurrence of R^(c) and R^(d) is independently hydrogen, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstitutedheteroarylalkyl or a protecting group, or R^(c) and R^(d) taken togetherwith the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be joined to forman optionally substituted 3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturatedcyclic ring, which may optionally include at least two heteroatomsselected from O, NR^(e) or S; each occurrence of R^(e) is independentlyhydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; each occurrence of L isindependently O, S, or NR^(e); each occurrence of m is independently 0,1, or 2; and n is an integer from 0 to
 4. 2-10. (canceled)
 11. Thecompound of claim 1, wherein X is O. 12-13. (canceled)
 14. The compoundof claim 1, wherein Y is O. 15-18. (canceled)
 19. The compound of claim1, wherein R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, cyano, halogen, —OR⁹,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR⁹R¹⁰.
 20. The compound of claim19, wherein R³ and R⁴ are hydrogen.
 21. The compound of claim 1, whereineach occurrence of R⁵ is independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, —OR⁹, —NR⁹R¹⁰ or —S(O)_(m)R⁹. 22.The compound of claim 21, wherein each occurrence of R⁵ is independentlyhydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted alkyl, and —OR⁹, where R⁹ isunsubstituted alkyl or alkyl substituted with halogen.
 23. The compoundof claim 21, wherein each occurrence of R⁵ is independently hydrogen orhalogen. 24-26. (canceled)
 27. The compound of claim 14, wherein R⁶ andR⁷ are hydrogen.
 28. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁶ and R⁷ arehydrogen, and X and Y are O. 29-44. (canceled)
 45. A compound of theformula

a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof, or atautomer thereof, wherein X and Y are independently O, —S(O)_(m), orNR^(e); R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, cyano, halogen, —OR⁹,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR⁹R¹⁰, or R³ and R⁴ togetherform an oxo group; R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ are independently hydrogen, nitro,cyano, halogen, —OR⁹, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰; and R⁸ is hydrogen, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰; or each occurrence of R⁹ and R¹⁰ maybe the same or different and is independently hydrogen, —OR^(a),—SR^(a), substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), —C(=L)-R^(a), —C(O)O—R^(a),—C(O)NR^(a)R^(b), —S(O)_(m)—R^(a) or —S(O)_(m)—NR^(a)R^(b), or R⁹ andR¹⁰ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached arejoined together to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7 memberedsaturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionally include atleast two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S; each occurrence ofR^(a) and R^(b) independently is hydrogen, —OR^(c), —SR^(c), substitutedor unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —C(=L)-R^(c), —C(O)O—R^(c), —C(O)NR^(c)R^(d),—S(O)_(m)—R^(c), —S(O)_(m)—NR^(c)R^(d), —NR^(c)R^(d), or a protectinggroup, or R^(a) and R^(b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are attached are joined to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionallyinclude at least two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S; eachoccurrence of R^(c) and R^(d) is independently hydrogen, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstitutedheteroarylalkyl or a protecting group, or R^(c) and R^(d) taken togetherwith the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be joined to forman optionally substituted 3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturatedcyclic ring, which may optionally include at least two heteroatomsselected from O, NR^(e) or S; each occurrence of R^(e) is independentlyhydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; each occurrence of L isindependently O, S, or NR^(e); each occurrence of m is independently 0,1, or 2; and n is an integer from 0 to
 4. 46. The compound of claim 45,wherein X and Y are O and R⁶ and R⁷ are hydrogen.
 47. (canceled)
 48. Thecompound of claim 45, wherein Y is O and R⁶ and R⁷ are hydrogen. 49-56.(canceled)
 57. A compound of the formula

a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an N-oxide thereof, or atautomer thereof, wherein X and Y are independently O, —S(O)_(m), orNR^(e); R³ and R⁴ are independently hydrogen, cyano, halogen, —OR⁹,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR⁹R¹⁰, or R³ and R⁴ togetherform an oxo group; each occurrence of R⁵ is independently nitro, cyano,halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted orunsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —OR⁹, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, or —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰;R⁶ is independently hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen, —OR⁹, substitutedor unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰; each occurrence of R⁹ and R¹⁰ may bethe same or different and is independently hydrogen, —OR^(a), —SR^(a),substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —NR^(a)R^(b), —C(=L)-R^(a), —C(O)O—R^(a),—C(O)NR^(a)R^(b), —S(O)_(m)—R^(a) or —S(O)_(m)—NR^(a)R^(b), or R⁹ andR¹⁰ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached arejoined together to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7 memberedsaturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionally include atleast two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S; one of R¹¹-R¹⁴ is Nand the remaining R¹¹-R¹⁴ groups are CH or CR^(a); each occurrence ofR¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently hydrogen, nitro, cyano, halogen,substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstitutedalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —OR⁹, —NR⁹R¹⁰, —C(=L)-R⁹, —C(O)O—R⁹, —C(O)NR⁹R¹⁰,—S(O)_(m)—R⁹, or —S(O)_(m)—NR⁹R¹⁰. each occurrence of R^(a) and R^(b)independently is hydrogen, —OR^(c), —SR^(c), substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclylalkyl, —C(=L)-R^(c), —C(O)O—R^(c), —C(O)NR^(c)R^(d),—S(O)_(m)—R^(c), —S(O)_(m)—NR^(c)R^(d), —NR^(c)R^(d), or a protectinggroup, or R^(a) and R^(b) taken together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are attached are joined to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7membered saturated or unsaturated cyclic ring, which may optionallyinclude at least two heteroatoms selected from O, NR^(e) or S; eachoccurrence of R^(c) and R^(d) is independently hydrogen, substituted orunsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substitutedor unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl,substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylalkyl, substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted orunsubstituted arylalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl,substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, substituted orunsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl, or a substituted or unsubstitutedheteroarylalkyl or a protecting group, or R^(c) and R^(d) taken togetherwith the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may be joined to forman optionally substituted 3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturatedcyclic ring, which may optionally include at least two heteroatomsselected from O, NR^(e) or S; each occurrence of R^(e) is independentlyhydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; each occurrence of L isindependently O, S, or NR^(e); each occurrence of m is independently 0,1, or 2; n is an integer from 0 to 4; and p and q are independently 0,1, 2, or
 3. 58. The compound of claim 57, wherein X and Y are O and R⁶and R⁷ are hydrogen.
 59. (canceled)
 60. The compound of claim 57,wherein Y is O and R⁶ and R⁷ are hydrogen. 61-65. (canceled)
 66. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 67. The pharmaceuticalcomposition according to claim 66, wherein the pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient is a carrier or diluent. 68-85. (canceled)
 86. Thecompound of claim 28, wherein R¹ and R² are joined together to form anoptionally substituted 3 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated cyclicring.
 87. The compound of claim 1, wherein R⁶ and R⁷ are hydrogen, X andY are O, and R⁸ is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substitutedor unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl,substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstitutedheterocyclic group.
 88. The compound of claim 87, wherein R¹ and R² arejoined together to form an optionally substituted 3 to 7 memberedsaturated or unsaturated cyclic ring.
 89. The compound of claim 1,wherein R⁶ and R⁷ are hydrogen, Y is O, and R⁸ is substituted orunsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl,substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstitutedheteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group.
 90. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 14and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 91. The pharmaceuticalcomposition according to claim 90, wherein the pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient is a carrier or diluent.
 92. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound according to claim 27 and apharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 93. The pharmaceuticalcomposition according to claim 90, wherein the pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient is a carrier or diluent.